Causes of Undescended Testicle
Causes of Undescended Testicle (Diseases Database):
The follow list shows some of the possible medical causes of Undescended Testicle
that are listed by the Diseases Database:
Source: Diseases Database
Undescended Testicle Causes: Risk Factors
The following conditions have been cited in various
sources as potentially causal risk factors
related to Undescended Testicle:
Undescended Testicle and Genetics: Book Excerpts
Undescended Testicle Causes: Book Excerpts
Undescended Testicle: Related Medical Conditions
To research the causes of Undescended Testicle, consider researching the causes of these
these diseases that may be similar, or associated with Undescended Testicle:
Undescended Testicle: Causes and Types
Causes of Types of Undescended Testicle: Review the cause informationfor the various types of Undescended Testicle:
- Incomplete testis descent - testis still in the groin or not fully into scrotum.
- Cryptorchidism - testes hidden in the abdomen
- Ectopic testis - testes outside the normal pathway of testicel descent (abdomen-groin-scrotum)
- Retractile testis - testes that retract into the groin with cold or touching
- more types...»
Undescended Testicle as a symptom:
Conditions listing Undescended Testicle
as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Undescended Testicle.
Our database lists the following as having
Undescended Testicle as a symptom of that condition:
Related information on causes of Undescended Testicle:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Undescended Testicle may be found in:
Causes of Undescended Testicle: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Undescended Testicle.
Hypogonadism:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Primary hypogonadism results directly from interstitial (Leydig’s cell) cellular or seminiferous tubular damage due to faulty development or mechanical damage. This causes increased secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary in an attempt to increase the testicular functional state and is therefore termed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. This form of hypogonadism includes Klinefelter syndrome, Reifenstein’s syndrome, Turner syndrome, Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, anorchism, orchitis, and sequelae of irradiation.
Secondary hypogonadism is due to faulty interaction within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, resulting in failure to secrete normal levels of gonadotropins, and is therefore termed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This form of hypogonadism includes hypopituitarism, isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency, isolated luteinizing hormone deficiency, Kallmann’s syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. Depending on the patient’s age at onset, hypogonadism may cause eunuchism (complete gonadal failure) or eunuchoidism (partial failure).
Medications, such as exogenous testosterone or anabolic steroids, can also cause of hypogonadism, resulting in infertility.
Hypogonadism is rare, and it has no racial predilection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Undescended testes:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The mechanism whereby the testes descend into the scrotum is still unexplained. Some evidence is available to implicate hormonal factors — most likely androgenic hormones from the placenta, maternal or fetal adrenals, or the immature fetal testis and, possibly, maternal progesterone or gonadotropic hormones from the maternal pituitary.
Researchers have linked undescended testes to the development of the gubernaculum, a fibromuscular band that connects the testes to the scrotal floor. In the normal male fetus, testosterone stimulates the formation of the gubernaculum. This band probably helps pull the testes into the scrotum by shortening as the fetus grows. Thus, cryptorchidism may result from inadequate testosterone levels or a defect in the testes or the gubernaculum.
Because the testes normally descend into the scrotum during the eighth month of gestation, cryptorchidism most commonly affects premature neonates. (It occurs in 30% of premature male neonates but in only 3% to 4% of those born at term.) In about 80% of affected infants, the testes descend spontaneously during the first year; in the rest, the testes may descend later.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Cryptorchidism:
Cryptorchidism - pathophysiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Normal descent occurs during the 7th month of gestation.
- The majority of testes that will descend spontaneously do so by 3 months of age, possibly due to the gonadotropin surge that is responsible for maturation of the germ cells.
- The undescended testis fails to show normal maturation at both 3 months and 5 years of age.
- At 3 months of age, the fetal gonocytes are transformed into adult dark spermatogonia.
- At 5 years of age, the adult dark spermatogonia become primary spermatocytes.
- Both of these steps are abnormal in the undescended testis, and to a lesser extent, the contralateral descended testis.
- Previous beliefs that the undescended testis was normal between birth and 1 year of age are incorrect, since they were derived from counts of all germ cells without taking into account whether maturation was occurring.
- After 2 years of age, thermal effects on the testis being left out of position are seen independent of the endocrinologic effects.
Cryptorchidism - etiology
- A multifactorial mechanism of occurrence involving 2 types of theories have been postulated:
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Abnormal mechanical factors (gubernaculum, epididymis, genitofemoral nerve innervation, intra-abdominal pressure)
- While boys with undescended testes do have abnormal attachment of the gubernaculum, the mechanical theories do not consistently explain the testis histology found in cryptorchidism.
- Many boys with cryptorchidism have lower morning urinary leuteinizing hormone and a decreased leuteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, corresponding to the abnormal germ cell development in both the undescended and contralateral descended testis.
- The normal initial postnatal gonadotropin surge at 60–90 days of age is absent or blunted in some boys with cryptorchidism. Without this surge, Leydig cells do not proliferate, testosterone does not increase, germ cells do not mature, and infertility may result. This suggests that a mild endocrinopathy is responsible, and cryptorchidism may be a variant of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
- Secondary undescended testes can occur after inguinal surgery, either due to scar tissue or difficulty in diagnosing an undescended testis in a young boy with a hernia.
- Patients with prune belly, Klinefelter, Noonan, and Prader-Willi syndromes have undescended testes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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