COMA
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...
Is there a history of drug or alcohol ingestion? This is a very important question to ask, as many cases of coma are due to acute ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there associated fever? Delirium with fever may simply indicate a self-limited infectious process, but it should bring to mind encephalitis ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is it true vertigo? True vertigo is characterized by the fact that the subject feels he or his environment is turning. One other form of true vertigo is lateral pulsion, in which the subject ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Are there convulsive movements or incontinence? The presence of convulsive movements should suggest convulsions, and the differential diagnosis of this is ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
A subjective sensory phenomenon that may involve any of the five senses, such as visual auras (often described as flashing lights), sensory auras (paresthesias), or auditory auras. Other auras may be described as... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
An acute confusional state caused by a disturbance in global cortical function. Features include disturbance of consciousness, change in cognition, fluctuations of symptoms,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Syncope is often referred to by patients as “fainting” and is defined as a loss of postural tone and consciousness. Syncope usually lasts for brief periods of a few minutes. Longer periods are of... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Dizziness/lightheadedness, a sensation of nearly losing consciousness, must be distinguished from vertigo, a sense of impulsion (spinning), either of the environment or of the patient. Dizziness/lightheadedness usually results... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Coma is a state of total unawareness of the self and the environment. There is no eye opening or response to voice or painful stimuli. Coma can be due to dysfunction of either bilateral cerebral cortex or the reticular... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Delirium is an alteration in consciousness that can be associated with hallucinations, disorientation, and delusions. Normal thought processes are altered, including judgment, and rational behavior may be lost. Causes are typically... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Syncope is temporary loss of consciousness and muscle tone due to decreased cerebral blood flow. It is otherwise known as fainting or blackout. Syncope is a common pediatric problem that, in contrast to that in adults, usually has a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for coma and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard.
V—Vascular disorders of the brain including
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Dizziness may mean true vertigo, which is a hallucination of movement of the patient or his environment, or light-headedness, which is a feeling that one is going to faint (and sometimes does). The
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential of syncope or a brief loss of consciousness is best developed with the use of physiology and, to a lesser extent, anatomy. Like convulsions (see page 128), syncope is due to a diminished
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Somnolence is a deep sleep from which the patient can be aroused. Coma is an unconscious state from which the patient cannot be aroused. Because somnolence may be simply an early stage of
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Aura
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor. (See ... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually brief; they may be... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in the level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma, or cerebral edema. However, this... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to a transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Neurologic or Mechanical Causes, or Both
Mediated by vagal stimulation or autonomic insufficiency, or both
Vasovagal
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Usually No Lateralizing Signs, Normal Brainstem Reflexes
Drug withdrawal after chronic intoxication, especially
Alcohol
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Dizziness
Hyperventilation
Anxiety, psychosomatic causes
Hypoxia
Anemia
Visual
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Aura
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor. (See ... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Dizziness
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually brief; they may be mild or severe with an... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage,... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Syncope
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs abruptly and lasts for seconds to minutes. An... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Coma
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Anne Cather Cutlip
Coma represents a state of unarousable unresponsiveness in which the patient has no evidence of self or environmental awareness (1).
Approach. A patient presenting... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment.
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Delirium
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Linda P. Shields
Delirium, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criterion (1), is a condition involving an acute... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment.
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Dizziness
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... John Muench
Dizziness is a disturbance in a patient’s subjective sensation of relationship to space. It can be the clinical presentation for many different diagnoses. It is the... Approach ... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Syncope
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... James C. Chesnutt
Syncope is a common and concerning medical problem, which accounts for 3% of emergency room visits and up to 6% of hospital admissions. Although the cause of syncope... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment. ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Alcohol intoxication
❑ Drug overdose
❑ Hypoglycemia ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Vertigo
❑ Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
❑ ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Orthostatic/Autonomic
❑ Neurally mediated hypotension
❑ Volume... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Systemic
❑ Drugs/toxins
❑ Sepsis
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Dizziness
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually brief;... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma, or cerebral edema.... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Syncope
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Aura
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor. (See ... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually brief; they may be mild or severe with abrupt... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), which can range from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma, or cerebral... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Syncope
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs abruptly... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...Syncope is a transient loss of consciousnessand postural tone usually produced by impaired cerebral blood flow.Generally, a syncopal episode in childhood is a benign isolatedevent; however,... Principal Causes of Syncope and Dizziness ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Consciousness—awarenessof one's self and environment—depends on integrityof reticular activating system and cerebral hemispheres. Disease processes that depress reticular... Principal Causes of Alteration in Consciousness ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor. (See ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually brief; they may be mild or severe... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in the level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma, or cerebral edema. However, this sign can... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to a transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs abruptly and lasts for seconds to minutes. An episode... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for
coma, and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard.
V—Vascular disorders of the brain including
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Dizziness may mean true vertigo, which is a hallucination of movement
of the patient or his environment, or lightheadedness, which is a feeling
that one is going to faint (and sometimes does). The causes of ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Somnolence is a deep sleep from which the patient can be aroused. Coma
is an unconscious state from which the patient cannot be aroused. Because ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The differential of syncope or a brief loss of consciousness is best
developed with the use of physiology and, to a lesser extent,
anatomy. Like convulsions , syncope is due to a diminished supply of... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Phillip Spandorfer
Approach to the Patient with Syncope
I. Definition of the Complaint
Syncope is generally thought of as a ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Author:
Anjali Subbaswamy, MD
What to Do - Gather Appropriate Data
Syncope/Long QT. Syncope is a loss of consciousness related to decreased ... Suggested Readings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nancy Drucker, MD Syncope - BASICS Syncope - description Loss of consciousness, typically lasting no longer than 1–2 minutes, due to a transient drop in cerebral perfusion pressure ... Syncope - DIAGNOSIS ... Syncope - TREATMENT ... Syncope - FOLLOW UP ... Syncope - bibliography ... Syncope - CODES ... Syncope - FAQ
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
