Glossary for Swallowing difficulty

Medical terms related to Swallowing difficulty or mentioned in this section include:

• Abdominal tumor: tumors of the abdomen
• Aberrant subclavian artery abnormality: A rare defect where one the subclavian artery arises from an abnormal location on the aortic arch. The defect may cause compression of organs such as the airway and the voice box.
• Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced: Conditions arising from the use of radiation therapy to treat various cancers. Radiation therapy can result in minor abnormalities such as dry, flaky skin or serious abnormalities such as cancer.
• Absent patellae - scrotal hypoplasia - renal anomalies - facial dysmorphism - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by absent kneecaps, underdeveloped scrotum, kidney anomalies, unusual facial appearance and mental retardation.
• Achalasia: A rare condition where the patients muscles, such as the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, are unable to relax.
• Achalasia - adrenal - alacrima syndrome: A familial disorder characterized by adrenal gland-related hormonal problems, swallowing difficulty (achalasia) and a lack of tears (alacrima). Neurological impairment and motor and sensory neuropathy is progressive. The adrenal glands in patients are resistant to the ACTH hormone and hence fails to operate normally.
• Achalasia - alacrimia syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the association of achalasia (lack of peristaltic motion) and alacrimia (absent tears).
• Achalasia, familial esophageal: A rare familial disorder where the esophagus lacks the normal peristaltic motions that help food move through the digestive system.
• Achalasia, primary: A rare motor disorder of the esophagus characterized by inability of the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal muscle to relax as well as dilation of the esophagus. The disorder is not associated with any other disease or disorder.
• Achrestic anemia: Achrestic anemia is a form of anemia similar to that caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency but it doesn't respond to treatment with Vitamin B12. The condition tends to progress slowly and can result in death if not treated. There are a variety of possible causes.
• Acid reflux: Condition which occurs when the acid reflux into the oesophagus exceeds the normal limit
• Acoustic neuroma: A rare benign tumor that forms in the hearing canal. Can cause tinnitus, progressive hearing loss, headaches, facial numbness, papilledema, dizziness and an unsteady walk. Speaking and swallowing difficulty can occur in advanced stages. Also called acoustic neurilemoma, acoustic neurinoma and acoustic neurofibroma.
• Acquired agranulocytosis: A blood disorder characterized by low levels of white blood cells (granular leukocytes) in the circulating blood. The condition is usually caused by certain drugs especially chemotherapy drugs.
• Adducted thumb syndrome recessive form: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Adducted thumbs - arthrogryposis, Christian type: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Adenocarcinoma, Follicular: A type of cancer of the thyroid gland.
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma: A malignant cancer in the form of cysts which may occur in the salivary glands, breast, mucous glands of the respiratory tract and sometimes in vulval vestibular glands. Also called adeoncystic carcinoma, adenomyoepithelioma, cribriform carcinoma or cylindroma.
• Adenoiditis: Infection of the adenoids in the nasal-throat region
• Adult SMA: Form of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in adults.
• Aglossia: A congenital condition where the tongue is absent.
• Aksu von Stockhausen syndrome: A rare condition observed in a Turkish family and characterized by various head and neck malformations that have resulted from abnormal development of the branchial arches.
• Alexander Syndrome: Brain myelin disorder causing mental degeneration.
• Alzheimer disease 10: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 10 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 12: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 12 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 8p12-q22.
• Alzheimer disease 13: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 14: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q25. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 15: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 3q22-q24. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 16: Alzheimer disease 16 (late-onset) is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome Xq21.3. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 2, late-onset: Alzheimer disease 2 (late-onset) is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 19q13.2. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 3, (early-onset Alzheimer disease): Alzheimer disease 3 is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 5: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 5 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 12p11.
• Alzheimer disease 6: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 6 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10q24.
• Alzheimer disease 7: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 7 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 8: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 8 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 20p.
• Alzheimer disease 9: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 9 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.2.
• Alzheimer disease, early-onset, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: An early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 1: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 11: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 9p22.1. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and apraxia: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and apraxia. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and unusual plaques in the brain. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 4: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q31-q42. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer's disease: A progressive degenerative disease of the brain of unknown cause
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A degenerative motor neuron disease marked by weakness and wasting of the muscles which starts at the hands and legs and spreads to the rest of the body. Death occurs in 2 to 5 years. Also called Lou Gehrig's disease or wasting palsy.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 1: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 1 is characterized by adult onset and relatively fast progression of symptoms. It usually occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 2: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 2 is characterized by childhood or adolescent onset of symptoms which progress very slowly over decades. It occurs in an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 3: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 3 is characterized late adulthood onset of symptoms which progress slowly over 5 years. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 4: A generally fatal progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 4 is characterized by the onset of symptoms before the age of 25 and slow progression over the next few decades. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 6: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is characterized adult onset of symptoms with progression varying between 1 and 20 years. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 7: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 7 is characterized adult onset of symptoms with progression varying between less than 5 years to several decades. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 8: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 8 is characterized by adult onset and relatively slow progression of symptoms. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, type 6: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is caused by a defect on chromosome 16q12.
• Anemia: Reduced red blood cells in the blood
• Anemia of pregnancy: Anemia of pregnancy is anemia that occurs during pregnancy. Women's bodies have a greater demand for iron during pregnancy and if intake is not sufficient, anemia can result. Anemia in pregnant women can lead to infant problems such as premature birth, fetal death, retarded growth and other problems.
• Angelman-Like Syndrome, X-linked: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation. Patients do eventually walk but then often lose this ability by the age of 10 years. Female carriers tend to have mild symptoms and males have severe symptoms - symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Anxiety: Excessive worry, anxiety, or fear.
• Anxiety disorder: A mental condition that is characterized by anxiety and avoidance behaviours
• Apthous ulcers:
• Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: A rare inborn error of metabolism involving the deficiency of an enzyme (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) needed to process aromatic amino acids. This results in a deficiency of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. The condition manifests as movement and neurological problems.
• Asherson syndrome: The failure of a muscle at the top of the esophagus to relax and allow food and liquid to pass through. Liquid and even food may accidentally be inhaled and can lead to pneumonia and death in some cases.
• Ataxia Telangiectasia: A rare inherited childhood disorder involving progressive degeneration of the nervous system.
• Athabaskan brainstem dysgenesis: A rare neurological disorder caused by abnormal brainstem development and function.
• Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency: A severe immunodeficiency disorder found in Navajo and Apache populations.
• Auriculo-condylar syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by variable ear and jaw abnormalities.
• Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by an abnormal immune system response which leads to the destruction of red blood cells and hence anemia. The severity of the condition varies depending on the underlying cause e.g. cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, HIV and lupus. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Autonomic neuropathy: A condition which is characterized by a functional disturbance or pathological change in the autonomic nervous system
• BANF acoustic neurinoma: A type of tumor that affects hearing and is associated with a condition called BANF (bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis). The tumor is benign an occurs in the cells that form the myelin sheath of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The symptoms vary depending on the size and exact location of the nerve. The tumor may become large enough to compress against various cranial nerves or even the brainstem.
• BBB syndrome, X-linked: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: type I is inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with type I tend to have few if any symptoms - often the only symptom is wide-set eyes.
• Barrett syndrome: A chronic peptic ulcer of the esophagus.
• Barrett's oesophagus: Barrett's esophagus is a disorder in which the lining of the esophagus is damaged. The damage is caused by stomach acid that leaks back into the esophagus. This leakage of acid is commonly known as "heartburn" (gastroesophageal reflux).
• Basilar artery insufficiency: refers to a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain
• Bergman syndrome: A rare disorder which may be acquired or present at birth. A part of the stomach pushes above the diaphragm and compresses the chest organs which can produce various symptoms.
• Boerhaave syndrome: A rare spontaneous rupture of the esophagus which can occur during violent vomiting or retching.
• Botulism food poisoning: Extremely dangerous food poisoning requiring medical attention, but not always recognized because of its non-abdominal symptoms.
• Box Jellyfish poisoning: A sting from the Box jellyfish contains a chemical which is toxic to the nerves, heart and skin. This jellyfish is mainly found in the waters of Northern Queensland in Australia. The tentacles should not be removed from the patient as it can cause further injection of poison.
• Brain damage: A condition which is characterized by damage to the brain resulting in a decrease in function
• Breath symptoms: Breath-related symptoms including breath odor
• Breathing symptoms: Symptoms affecting the breathing systems.
• Brown snake poisoning: The Brown snake is a poisonous Australian snake. They are considered one of the most venomous snakes in the world and their bite can result in death without prompt medical attention. The snake venom contains toxins which affect the blood and nerve systems. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
• Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome: A very rare progressive disorder characterized by nerve deafness and cranial (and sometimes spinal) nerve paralysis.
• CREST syndrome: Group of symptoms usually related to systemic sclerosis
• Caffeine Allergy: A caffeine allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to caffeine or caffeine-containing products. The type and severity of symptoms can vary amongst patients.
• Cancer: Abnormal overgrowth of body cells.
• Candidiasis: Fungal infection of moist areas such as mouth or vagina
• Carcinoma, squamous cell of head and neck: A type of cancer that occurs in the mucosal lining of parts of the head and neck e.g. esophagus, sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx, mouth and lips. Symptoms will vary depending on the exact location of the cancer.
• Cardiospasm: Failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax, resulting in food build up in the upper oesophagus.
• Cephalosporin-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Cephalosporin-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where a use of a medication called Cephalosporin triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Cerebral hemorrhage: Bleeding in the brain
• Cerebrovascular accident: Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted and results in cell injury and death.
• Chagas disease: A parasitic infection caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insect bites or blood transfusions. The disease primarily involves the heart and gastrointestinal system.
• Chemical pneumonia: Lung inflammation from inhaled chemicals
• Chemical poisoning - Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a chemical used mainly in herbicides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Oil-based paint: Oil-based paint contains various chemicals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed or if other types of exposure occurs. These paint contain toxic hydrocarbons as well as various other heavy metals depending on the type of paint. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pepper Spray: Pepper Spray is a chemical used mainly in riot control. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pine Oil: Pine Oil is a chemical used mainly as a disinfectant or cleaning agent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chiari Malformation: Protrusion of the brain down the spinal column.
• Chloramphenicol-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Chloramphenicol-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called chloramphenicol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Chordoma: Chordomas are tumors originating from embryonic remnants of the primitive notochord
• Chromosome 1, 1p36 deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as heart problems, mental retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism and short stature. The symptoms are variable depending on the exact location of chromosomal deletion.
• Chromosome 22q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is duplicated.
• Chronic laryngotracheitis: It is inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx, which is located in the upper part of the respiratory tract and the trachea which may cause respiratory obstruction.
• Classic childhood ALD: Classic severe form of ALD in boys.
• Classical Hodgkin disease: Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a type of white blood cell called lymphocyte. Hodgkin's lymphoma is classified into classical types and nodular lymphocyte predominant type. The nodular form tends to be more localized than the classical form. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is further subdivided into four subgroups depending on the cell composition of the lymphoma: nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte rich and lymphocyte depleted.
• Cleft palate: This when there is a congenital fissure of the median line of the palate.
• Cognitive impairment: General loss of mental or cognitive ability
• Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition where the body's immune system triggers the production of antibodies against the body's own red blood cells. The red cells are destroyed at an abnormally rapid rate which leads to anemia. Cold haemolytic anemia is characterized by the fact that the abnormal destruction of red blood cells is more active when the patient is exposed to cold temperatures. The severity of the condition varies depending on the underlying cause. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Congenital Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease which usually results from autoimmune dysfunction. Congenital myasthenia gravis however results from a genetic defect. Symptoms tend to become worse during the day with activity and improve after rest or after sleeping. The severity of symptoms may vary.
• Congenital myasthenic syndromes: A group of genetic condition characterized by abnormal neuromuscular signals. Symptoms tend to become worse with exertion.
• Copper deficiency-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Copper deficiency-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused insufficient quantities of copper. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells due to the lack of copper. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Coral snake poisoning: The Coral snake is a usually brightly colored, poisonous snake found mainly in America and Africa. The toxicity amongst species is variable. They are considered a shy snake and bites are usually the result of deliberate handling. Coral snakes have to bite for long enough to release the toxin through the fangs so envenomation tends to be rarer than for other snakes who can strike and envenomate rapidly. The snake venom contains toxins which mainly affect the nerve systems. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
• Corticobasal Degeneration: A rare progressive neurological disorder where parts of the brain deteriorate.
• Crohn's disease: Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive system. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease. The disease can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ileum.
• Croup: A condition characterized by an acute partial obstruction of the upper airway on young children
• Cyclic vomiting syndrome: recurrent attacks of intense nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain with or without headache/ migraine
• Cycloserine-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Cycloserine -induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called Cycloserine. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Deafness, vitiligo, achalasia: A rare disorder characterized by deafness, achalasia (difficulty swallowing) and patches of reduced pigmentation in the skin (vitiligo).
• Dehydration: Loss and reduction in body water levels
• Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
• Devil's trumpet poisoning: The Devil's trumpet is a shrubby plant with purple stems and large white or yellow flowers. The fruit is covered by a spiny shell. The plant originated in china and is often used as an ornamental outdoor plant. The plant contains tropane alkaloids which can be poisonous if eaten in large quantities.
• Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy: A rare association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness.
• Diabetic neuropathy: nerve damage which maybe motor, sensory and autonomic
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: A type of degenerative joint disease where spinal column ligaments lose their flexibility due to calcification.
• Digestive Diseases: Diseases that affect the digestive system
• Digestive symptoms: Any symptoms affecting the digestive tract.
• Dimorphic anemia: Dimorphic refers to anemia that has two different causes acting together e.g. iron deficiency as well as a Vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Diphtheria: Infectious bacterial respiratory disease
• Distal myopathy with vocal cord weakness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle weakness in the end portion of the arms and legs as well as the vocal cord and pharynx.
• Dominant cleft palate: An opening in the roof of the mouth that is inherited as a dominant trait (only one parent has to have the genetic defect for it to be passed on to offspring). The opening may be covered by skin or completely open. The size of the opening can affect the severity of symptoms.
• Down's Syndrome associated Alzheimer's disease: Early-onset Alzheimer's is more prevalent in Down's Syndrome sufferers than in the general population. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Doxepine-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Doxepine -induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Methyldopa triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Drug-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where a medication triggers the body's immune system to destroy its own red blood cells which results in anemia. Certain drugs are more likely to trigger this abnormal immune response than others e.g. cephalosphorins and Quinidine.
• Drug-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Drug-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by drugs such as cycloserine, isoniazid and ethanol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Dry mouth: When the mouth is not as moist as usual.
• Dry throat: A condition which is characterized by a sensation of dryness in ones throat
• Dystrophia myotonica 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by myotonia, muscle atrophy, cataracts and hypogonadism.
• EGE: A rare disorder where white blood cells (eosinophils) infiltrate the layers of the lining of the stomach and intestines and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. The degree of infiltration will determine the severity of symptoms.
• Eagle's syndrome: A group of symptoms caused by calcification of the stylohyoid ligament and an abnormally long styloid process. The styloid process is a bone at the base of the skull which is attached to muscles and ligaments connected to the throat and tongue. If this bone is too long then actions such as swallowing and turning the head can cause pain and discomfort. The cause of the condition is unknown but trauma and inflammation may be the cause in some cases.
• Early-onset Alzheimer's: Early-onset Alzheimer's is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to genetic defects or occurs in a familial pattern. It is not as common as the non-inherited form of Alzheimer's - occurs in up to 90% of Alzheimer sufferers. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Eating symptoms: Symptoms related to eating.
• Elapid poisoning: Sea snakes, Kraits and cobras are from the Elapid group of snakes. The toxicity of the venom varies depending on the species. The venom is usually toxic to the nerves or heart. Early symptoms such as drowsiness can occur within 30 minutes with more severe symptoms developing over the next few hours. Severe envenomation can result in death within hours.
• Elephant's-ear poisoning: The Elephant's ear is a common garden plant which has large, heart-shaped leaves on long stalks. The plant contains calcium oxalate and saphotoxin which can cause poisoning if eaten and irritation upon contact with skin or eyes. The toxins are quite poisonous and death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten.
• Emotional symptoms: Symptoms affecting the emotions.
• Enlarged thyroid gland: an enlarged thyroid gland is a lump that can be felt under the skin at the front of the neck. When it is large enough to see easily, it's called a goitre
• Epidermalolysis bullosa: A group of skin disorders characterized by fragile skin which can blister upon little or no trauma to the skin. There are a number of different subtypes with some being inherited and some acquired. The hands and feet are often the main parts of the body affected.
• Epidermoid carcinoma: A non-small-cell type of lung cancer. The cancer develops from cells that line the inside of the lungs.
• Epidermolysa bullosa simplex and limb girdle muscular dystrophy: A rare syndrome involving fragile skin that blisters easily as well as muscle weakness and wasting in the head and limbs. The severity of the blistering and muscle weakness is variable with some sufferers dying during infancy.
• Epidermolysis bullosa: A group of rare inherited skin diseases characterized by fragile skin which forms blisters with even minor injuries. The blisters can be painful and can occur anywhere on the skin and even inside the digestive tract.
• Epidermolytic epidermolysis bullosa: A group of skin disorders characterized by fragile skin which can blister upon little or no trauma to the skin. There are a number of different subtypes with some being inherited and some acquired. The hands and feet are often the main parts of the body affected.
• Epiglottitis: is the inflammation of the epiglottis and is a medical emergency
• Esophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula: A rare condition characterized by an underdeveloped esophagus where the esophagus is not connected to the stomach. An abnormal opening between the trachea and esophagus may or may not also be present. The two abnormalities usually occur together.
• Esophageal atresia: A rare birth defect where the esophagus is not connected to the stomach.
• Esophageal carcinoma: A cancer of the esophagus.
• Esophageal disorder:
• Esophageal diverticulum: Stretched pocket area of esophagus tissue
• Esophageal stricture: Narrowing of the esophagus
• Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus
• Esophagus Cancer: Cancer of the esophagus in the throat.
• Esophagus diseases: Diseases affecting the esophagus
• Esophagus infection: Inflammation of the esophagus.
• Esophagus symptoms: Symptoms affecting the esophagus (digestive throat passage)
• Ethanol-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Ethanol-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by consuming ethanol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Eucalyptus Oil poisoning: Eucalyptus oil can be used for medicinal purposes but excessive ingestion can cause problems. Likewise, eating the leaves of the eucalyptus plant (very unlikely) can also cause poisoning symptoms.
• Face symptoms: Symptoms affecting the face
• Facial clefting corpus callosum agenesis: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of facial clefts with a brain defect where the structure between the two halves of the brain (corpus callosum) fails to develop. Symptoms may vary somewhat depending on how much of the corpus callosum is missing and the extent of the facial clefting.
• Familial Forms of Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour. Familial forms of the disease tend to run in families and are linked to mutations on various genes. Chromosome 1, 14 19 and 21 are the main chromosomes where mutations resulting in Alzheimer's are located..
• Familial Treacher Collins syndrome: Treacher Collins syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by down-slanting eye slits, malformed external ear, abnormal lower eyelid and underdeveloped cheeks. In the familial form, the condition tends to occur in a number of people within a family. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Fazio-Londe syndrome: A rare inherited motor neuron disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness which ultimately leads to premature death.
• Fear: Excessive feelings of fear.
• Flu: Symptoms similar to flu including fever
• Flu-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to flu including fever
• Folate-deficiency anemia: Folate-deficiency anemia is a blood condition characterized by low levels of folate in the body which leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells. It is usually the result of a poor diet, malabsorption issues or the use of certain medications.
• Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A rare form of malignant cancer involving follicular dendritic cells - it usually occurs in the lymph nodes but can also occur in other parts of the body involved with the immune system. Symptoms will vary depending on which part of the body the cancer occurs. The main symptoms is usually a painless mass that grows slowly.
• Food Additive Allergy: A food additive allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive or a food or drink containing to food additive. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - Annatto: Annatto allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow food coloring called annatto which is used as an additive in a number of foods and drinks The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - Carmine: A carmine allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to carmine which is used as an additive in a number of foods (red yoghurt, red popsicles, red drinks) as well as in some cosmetics The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - amaranth: An amaranth allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a red food coloring called amaranth which is used in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - benzoate: A benzoate allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called benzoate which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - carageenan gum: A carageenan gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called carageenan gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - erythrosine: An erythrosine allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a red food coloring called erythrosine which is used in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - guar gum: A guar gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called guar gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - gum: A gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - gum acacia: A gum acacia allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called gum acacia which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - gum tragacanth: A gum tragacanth allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called gum traganth (type of gum) which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - lecithin: A lecithin allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called lecithin which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - locust bean gum: A locust bean gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called locust bean gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - quinoline yellow: A quinoline yellow allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow food coloring called quinoline yellow which is used in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - saffron: A saffron allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow food coloring called saffron which is used as an additive in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - salicytes: A salicylate allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called salicylate which is used in a number of foods. Salicylates also occur naturally in a wide range of plant foods especially fruits. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - sulphite: A sulphite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called sulphite which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - sulphite derivative: A sulphite derivative allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called sulphite derivative which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - sunset yellow: A sunset yellow allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow food coloring called sunset yellow which is used in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - tartrazine: A tartrazine allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to tartrazine which is used as an additive in a number of foods (some breakfast cereals, cake mixes, chocolate chips etc.) The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - xanthan gum: A xanthan gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called xanthan gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Allergy - Coriander: A coriander allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to coriander or food containing coriander. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - Linden tea: A linden tea allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to linden tea or food containing linden tea. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - MSG: An MSG allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to MSG or food containing MSG. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - Quorn: A quorn allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to quorn or food containing quorn. Quorn is a type of protein made from a fungus. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - abalone: An abalone allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to abalone or food containing abalone. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - almond: An almond allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to almonds or food containing almonds. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - aniseed: An aniseed allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to aniseed or food containing aniseed. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - apple: An apple allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to apples or food containing apples. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - apricot: An apricot allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to apricots or food containing apricots. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - avocado: An avocado allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to avocados or food containing avocados. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - banana: A banana allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to bananas or food containing bananas. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - barley: A barley allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to barley or food containing barley. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - bean: A bean allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to beans or food containing beans. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - beef: A beef allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to beef. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - beer: A beer allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to beer or food containing beer. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - bell pepper: A bell pepper allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to bell peppers or food containing bell pepper. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - brazil nut: A brazil nut allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to brazil nuts or food containing brazil nuts. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - buckwheat: A buckwheat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to buckwheat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - cabbage: A cabbage allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to cabbage or food containing cabbage. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - carp: A carp (type of fish) allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to carp or food containing carp. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - carrot: A carrot allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to carrots or food containing carrots. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - cashew: A cashew allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to cashews or food containing cashews. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - castor bean: A castor bean allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to castor beans or food containing castor beans. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - celery: A celery allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to celery or food containing celery. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - chamomile tea: A chamomile tea allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to chamomile tea or food containing chamomile. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - cherry: A cherry allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to cherries or food containing cherries. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - chestnut: A chestnut allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to chestnuts or food containing chestnuts. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - chick pea: A chick pea allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to chick peas or food containing chick peas. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - chicken meat: A chicken meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to chicken meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - cinnamon: A cinnamon allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to cinnamon or food containing cinnamon. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - coconut: A coconut allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to coconuts or food containing coconut. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - codfish: A codfish allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to codfish or food containing codfish. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - crab: A crab allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to crabs or food containing crab. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - crayfish: A crayfish allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to crayfish or food containing crayfish. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - cumin: A cumin allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to cumin or food containing cumin. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - date palm: A date palm allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to date palms or food containing date palms. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - duck meat: A duck meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to duck meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - fennel: A fennel allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to fennel or food containing fennel. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - fish: A fish allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to fish or food containing fish. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - frog: A frog allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to eating frogs or food containing frogs. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - garbanzo (legume): A garbanzo allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to garbanzo or food containing garbanzo. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - garlic: A garlic allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to garlic or food containing garlic. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - goose meat: A goose meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to goose meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - hazelnut: A hazelnut allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to hazelnuts or food containing hazelnuts. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - hops: A hop allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to hops or food containing hops. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - kidney bean: A kidney bean allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to kidney bean or food containing kidney bean. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - kiwi fruit: A kiwi fruit allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to kiwi fruit or food containing kiwi fruit. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - lamb: A lamb allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lamb meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - lentil: A lentil allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lentils or food containing lentils. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - lettuce: A lettuce allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lettuce or food containing lettuce. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - lima bean: A lima bean allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lima beans or food containing lima beans. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - lobster: A lobster allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lobsters or food containing lobster. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - lychee: A lychee allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lychee or food containing lychee. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - mackerel: A mackerel allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to mackerel or food containing mackerel. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - mango: A mango allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to mango or food containing mango. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - meat: A meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - melon: A melon allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to melons or food containing melons. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - milk: A milk allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to milk or food containing milk. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - mollusk: A mollusk allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to mollusks or food containing mollusk. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - mussel: A mussel allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to mussels or food containing mussels. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - mustard leaf: A mustard leaf allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to mustard leaves or food containing mustard leaves. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - oat: An oat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to oats or food containing oats. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - olive: An olive allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to olives or food containing olives. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - oranges: An orange allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to oranges or food containing oranges. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - papaya: A papaya allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to papaya or food containing papaya. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - paprika: A paprika allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to paprika or food containing paprika. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - parsley: A parsley allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to parsley or food parsley tomatoes. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pea: A pea allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to peas or food containing peas. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - peach: A peach allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to peach or food containing peach. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - peanuts: A peanut allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to peanuts or food containing peanuts. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pear: A pear allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to pears or food containing pears. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pecan: A pecan allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to pecans or food containing pecans. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pine nut: A pine nut allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to pine nuts or food containing pine nuts. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - pineapple: A pineapple allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to pineapples or food containing pineapple. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - plantain: A plantain allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to plantain or food containing plantain. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - plum: A plum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to plums or food containing plums. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pomegranates: A pomegranate allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to pomegranates or food containing pomegranates. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - pork: A pork allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - potato: A potato allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to potato or food containing potato. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pumpkin: A pumpkin allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to pumpkin or food containing pumpkin. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - red meat: A red meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to red meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - rice: A rice allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to rice or food containing rice. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - rye: A rye allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to rye or food containing rye. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - salmon: A salmon allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to salmon or food containing salmon. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - scallop: A scallop allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to scallops or food containing scallops. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - sesame: A sesame allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to sesame or food containing sesame. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - shellfish: A shellfish allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to shellfish or food containing shellfish. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - shrimp: A shrimp allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to shrimp or food containing shrimp. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - snail: A snail allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to snails or food containing snails. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - soy: A soy allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to soy or food containing soy. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - soybean: A soybean allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to soybean or food containing soybean. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - spices: A spice allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to spices or food containing spices. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - strawberry: A strawberry allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to strawberries or food containing strawberries. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - sulfite: A sulfite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to sulfite or food containing sulfite. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - sunflower seeds: A sunflower seed allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to sunflower seeds or food containing sunflower seeds. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - thyme: A thyme allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to thyme or food containing thyme. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - tomato: A tomato allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to tomatoes or food containing tomatoes. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - tree nuts: A tree nut allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to tree nuts or food containing tree nuts. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - tuna: A tuna allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to tuna or food containing tuna. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - turnip: A turnip allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to turnip or food containing turnip. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - turtle: A turtle allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to the ingestion of turtle meat. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - vegetable oil: A vegetable oil allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to vegetable oil or food containing vegetable oil. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - walnuts: A walnut allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to walnuts or food containing walnuts. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - watermelon: A watermelon allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to melons or food containing watermelons. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food Allergy - wheat: A wheat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to wheat or food containing wheat. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - zucchini: A zucchini allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to zucchini or food containing zucchini. This type of allergy is rare and serious reactions are very rare. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients e.g. skin, respiratory and behavioral symptoms.
• Food allergies: a food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food protein
• Food symptoms: Symptoms related to food.
• Forestier's disease: A rare disorder involving by bony growths that can occur various parts of the skeleton.
• GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency (GTP cyclohydrolase) which causes a harmful build up of phenylalanine in the blood.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Repeated reflux of stomach acid into the throat.
• Gastroesophageal reflux: Is referred to as the reflux of contents of the duodenum and stomach into the oesophagus
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Cancer that develops from stroma cells in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The primary locations are the small intestine, esophagus and esophagus with symptoms being determined by the location, stage and size of the tumor.
• Gastrointestinal neoplasm: A growth or excessive proliferation of cells in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the esophagus, intestine, pharynx and stomach. The growth may be benign or malignant. The symptoms are determined by the size, location and stage of the tumor.
• Gaucher Disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme called glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of glycosylceramide (glucocerebroside). There are three forms of this disease: type 1, 2 and 3.
• Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease resulting from autoimmune dysfunction. In generalized myasthenia gravis weakness develops mainly in the limbs and trunk. The severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Most patients suffer increased severity of symptoms during the day with improvement after sleeping.
• Genetic Parkinson disease: A type of Parkinson disease that results from a genetic anomaly. There are a more than ten different genes that can cause Parkinson disease.
• Glomus tympanicum: A rare, usually benign tumor found behind the ear drum. The tumor develops from glomus cells which are located along blood vessels involved in automatic body activities such as regulation of blood pressure and blood flow.
• Glossitis: This is where there is inflammation of the tongue
• Glossopalatine Ankylosis - Hypoglossia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type III B involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue connecting the tongue to the hard palate or upper alveolar ridge. The tongue is also absent or underdeveloped.
• Glossopalatine Ankylosis - Hypoglossia - Hypodactylia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type III C involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue connecting the tongue to the hard palate or upper alveolar ridge. Other primary features include and absent or underdeveloped tongue as well as variable deficiencies of the digits.
• Glossopalatine Ankylosis - Hypoglossia - Hypodactylomelia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type III E involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue connecting the tongue to the hard palate or upper alveolar ridge. Other primary features include and absent or underdeveloped tongue as well as variable deficiencies of the limbs and digits.
• Glossopalatine Ankylosis - Hypoglossia - Hypomelia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type III D involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue connecting the tongue to the hard palate or upper alveolar ridge. Other primary features include and absent or underdeveloped tongue as well as variable deficiencies of the limbs.
• Glycogen storage disease type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down.
• Glycogenosis type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down. The severity of the condition is variable and onset may occur during infancy, childhood or adulthood.
• Goitre: A swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid.
• Guam disease: A nerve degeneration disorder that occurs particularly in Guam and involves progressive dementia and parkinsonism which ultimately leads to death.
• Guillain-Barre syndrome: An acute condition which is characterized by polyradiculoneuropathy that affects the peripheral nervous system
• HIV/AIDS: HIV is a sexually transmitted virus and AIDS is the progressive immune failure that HIV causes.
• Harlequin type ichthyosis: A very rare genetic skin disorder where a newborn is covered with large plates of thick skin that cracks and splits.
• Head symptoms: Symptoms affecting the head or brain
• Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: A slow-progressing degeneration of the tract that connects the brain to the spinal cord (corticospinal tract) resulting in muscle spasticity, weakness and paralysis. The severity of symptoms is determined by the nature and extent of the damage.
• Herpes stomatitis: Mouth infection with ulcers/blisters due to the herpes virus
• Hiatus hernia: is a protrusion of the upper part of the stomach into the thoracic cavity through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm, the most common type being sliding hiatus hernia
• Hodgkin's Disease: A form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
• Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis: Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a type of white blood cell called lymphocyte. Hodgkin's lymphoma is classified into classical types and nodular lymphocyte predominant type. The nodular form tends to be more localized than the classical form. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is further subdivided into four subgroups depending on the cell composition of the lymphoma: nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte rich and lymphocyte depleted. The nodular sclerosing form is the most common subtype of classical Hodgkin's disease.
• Human HOXA1 Syndromes: Human HOXA1 syndromes are very rare conditions caused by genetic defects involving the HOXA1 gene. The severity of the condition is highly variable depending on the extent of the defect and inheritance pattern. The most severe form is Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome which involves a homozygous mutation. Other manifestations of the genetic defect are Athabaskan Brainstem Dysgenesis syndrome and Navajo Brainstem syndrome. The gene is involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, inner ear and the hindbrain so defects tend to involve mainly these parts of the body.
• Human carcinogen - Cyclosporine: Cyclosporine is deemed to be carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenicity of the substance may be influenced by the duration and level of exposure. Cyclosporine exposure is associated mainly with an increased risk of developing lymphoma.
• Huntington's disease: Inherited disease causing progressive mental deterioration.
• Hydrocarbon poisoning: Excessive ingestion of hydrocarbon compounds such as turpentine, pine oil, cleaning agents, fuel, polishes, kerosene and car products.
• Hyperchromic Anemia: Hyperchromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which contain abnormally high amounts of haemoglobin as well as a reduced number of red blood cells. This anomaly is often caused by such things as Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia.
• Hypertelorism - esophageal abnormalities - hypospadias: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: one is inherited in a X-linked manner and the other is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with the X-linked form of the condition tend to have few symptoms and often only have wide set eyes.
• Hypertelorism with esophageal abnormality and hypospadias: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• Hypoglossia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type I A is characterized by an underdeveloped tongue.
• Hypoglossia - Hypodactylia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type II A involves an underdeveloped as well as variable degrees of absence of digits.
• Hypoglossia - Hypodactylomelia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type II C involves an underdeveloped as well as missing digit and limb anomalies.
• Hypoglossia - Hypomelia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type II B involves an underdeveloped as well as limb anomalies.
• Hypopharyngeal cancer: Cancer of the bottom part of the throat (hypopharynx).
• Hypospadias - hypertelorism: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• Ichthyosis congenita, Harlequin fetus type: A very rare genetic skin disorder where a newborn is covered with large plates of thick skin that cracks and splits.
• Ichthyosis congenita, harlequin type: A very rare genetic skin disorder where a newborn is covered with large plates of thick skin that cracks and splits.
• Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is Parkinson's disease for which no particular cause can be determined - it is the most prevalent form of the condition. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Idiopathic myopathy: A rare condition involving inflammation of the skeletal muscles which become weak and wasted.
• Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis: Narrowing of the portion of the trachea below the glottis (voice box) that occurs for no apparent reason.
• Inclusion Body Myositis: Progressive inflammatory muscle disease causing muscle weakness.
• Infantile dysphagia: Swallowing problems in infants.
• Inherited spherocytic anemia: Inherited Spherocytic anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that are shaped like a sphere (spherocytes) rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormal cells are broken down prematurely resulting in a shortage of red blood cells (anemia).
• Insect allergy: An allergic response to a wasp sting.
• Intestinal pseudo-obstruction: A digestive disorder where the intestines are unable to contract normally and push food through the digestive system. This results in symptoms similar to an obstruction and hence the name pseudo-obstruction. The walls of the affected gastrointestinal tract becomes thin and the muscles that control its motion start to degenerate.
• Intestinal pseudoobstruction chronic idiopathic: A digestive disorder where the intestines are unable to contract normally and push food through the digestive system. This results in symptoms similar to an obstruction and hence the name pseudoobstruction. The condition has no obvious cause.
• Intracranial Hemorrhages: Bleeding inside the skull. The condition is a medical emergency and the greater the bleeding, the more severe the condition.
• Intraoral Bands - Hypoglossia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type IV B involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue inside the mouth as well as abnormal fusion of structures inside the mouth e.g. the upper and lower gums may be partially fused. The tongue is also absent or underdeveloped.
• Intraoral Bands - Hypoglossia - Hyopmelia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type IV D involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue inside the mouth as well as abnormal fusion of structures inside the mouth e.g. the upper and lower gums may be partially fused. Other primary features of the condition are an underdeveloped or absent tongue and variable deficiencies of the limbs.
• Intraoral Bands - Hypoglossia - Hypodactylia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type IV C involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue inside the mouth as well as abnormal fusion of structures inside the mouth e.g. the upper and lower gums may be partially fused. Other primary features of the condition are an underdeveloped or absent tongue and variable deficiencies of the digits.
• Intraoral Bands - Hypoglossia - Hypodactylomelia: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type IV E involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue inside the mouth as well as abnormal fusion of structures inside the mouth e.g. the upper and lower gums may be partially fused. Other primary features of the condition are an underdeveloped or absent tongue and variable deficiencies of the digits and limbs.
• Intraoral Bands and Fusion: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type IV A involves mainly an abnormal band of tissue inside the mouth as well as abnormal fusion of structures inside the mouth e.g. the upper and lower gums may be partially fused.
• Iron deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia is a blood condition characterized by low levels of iron in the body which leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells.
• Irritable bowel syndrome: A chronic non inflammatory disease with a psychophysiologic basis
• Isoniazid-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Drug-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called isoniazid. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease which results from autoimmune dysfunction. Juvenile myasthenia gravis also has autoimmune origins and tends to develop during childhood. Symptoms tend to become worse during the day with activity and improve after rest or after sleeping. The severity of symptoms may vary.
• Juvenile dermatomyositis: A very rare autoimmune disorder where the body's own immune system attacks blood vessels and causes them to become inflamed. The condition is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic pinkish-purple rash.
• Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by increasing weakness and stiffness of the muscles in the arms, legs and face due to damage to nerve cells that control motor movement.
• Kuru syndrome: A rare fatal disease that has been noted in a Eastern New Guinean tribe. It is believed to be prevalent in this tribe due to their history of cannibalism.
• Lansoprazole - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lansoprazole during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Large cell carcinoma: Large cell carcinoma is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. This non-small cell lung cancer that represents 10% to 20% of all tumors that start in the bronchi, which are the main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs.
• Laryngeal carcinoma: Cancer of the laryngeal area. Smoking and alcohol increase the risk of this cancer.
• Laryngitis: This is where there is an inflammation of the laryngitis
• Laryngopharyngeal reflux: A gastrointestinal disorder where acid reflux affects the throat and causes irritation.
• Larynx Cancer: Cancer of the voice box or nearby areas.
• Larynx symptoms: Symptoms affecting the larynx (voice box) in the neck
• Late-onset Alzheimer's: Late-onset Alzheimer's is a form of Alzheimer's disease that doesn't appear to be linked to any genetic defects or familial pattern. It is by far the most common form of Alzheimer's - occurs in up to 90% of Alzheimer sufferers. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Lead poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to lead.
• Leiomyomatosis of oesophagus, congenital cataract and hematuria: A rare disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, blood in urine and the development of tumors in the esophagus called a leiomyoma. A leiomyoma is a benign tumor that originates from smooth muscle tissue. These tumors may also be present in the female genital tract and possible in other parts of the body.
• Leiomyomatosis, Esophagogastric and Vulvar: A rare condition where a tumor develops in the esophagus and vulva. The condition appears to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
• Lemierre's syndrome: A very rare condition where a throat infection leads to secondary infection and blood clot formation in the internal jugular vein. The infected blood clot can then travel to other parts of the body and cause problems. The usual bacterial culprit is Fusobacterium necrophorum.
• Leukoencephalopathy, arthritis, colitis, and hypogammaglobulinema: A rare condition characterized by the association of arthritis, colitis, low blood gammaglobulin levels and brain anomalies.
• Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: A rare disorder that primarily affects the skin and blood vessels. It is characterized by calcified skin deposits (C), Raynaud syndrome (R), esophageal dysfunction (E), scleroderma of the fingers and toes(S) and telengiectasia - dilated blood vessels (T).
• Lissencephaly syndrome type 1: A very rare form of the brain formation disorder called lissencephaly where the brain surface is abnormally smooth rather than convoluted resulting in mental retardation. Physical malformations are also present.
• Lung Cancer Susceptibility 1: Researchers have linked a number of genes to an increased risk of developing lung cancer. The genetic predisposition plus environmental factors and lifestyle factors such as smoking translate to an increased risk of cancer. The genetic predisposition is believed to be insufficient on its own and appears to require the presence of environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking in order to result in the development of lung cancer. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 6q23-q25.
• Lung Cancer Susceptibility 2: Researchers have linked a number of genes to an increased risk of developing lung cancer. The genetic predisposition plus environmental factors and lifestyle factors such as smoking translate to an increased risk of cancer. The genetic predisposition is believed to be insufficient on its own and appears to require the presence of environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking in order to result in the development of lung cancer. Type 2 is linked to a defect on chromosome 15q25.1.
• Lung Cancer Susceptibility 3: Researchers have linked a number of genes to an increased risk of developing lung cancer. The genetic predisposition plus environmental factors and lifestyle factors such as smoking translate to an increased risk of cancer. The genetic predisposition is believed to be insufficient on its own and appears to require the presence of environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking in order to result in the development of lung cancer. Type 3 is linked to a defect on chromosome 15p15.33.
• Lung Cancer Susceptibility 4: Researchers have linked a number of genes to an increased risk of developing lung cancer. The genetic predisposition plus environmental factors and lifestyle factors such as smoking translate to an increased risk of cancer. The genetic predisposition is believed to be insufficient on its own and appears to require the presence of environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking in order to result in the development of lung cancer. Type 4 is linked to a defect on chromosome 6p21.33.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Lymphatic malformation (LM): Abnormal or defective development of a lymph vessel. Groups of abnormal lymph channels and spaces contain lymph fluid. A blockage in the malformation can cause a buildup of fluid which can compress nearby structures such as the windpipe. Other problems can occur when the fluid leaks from the malformation into surrounding areas. Examples of lymphatic malformations includes lymphangioma, cavernous lymphangioma and cystic hygroma. Symptoms may vary depending on the location of the malformation and whether the lymph vessel becomes blocked.
• Lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's disease: Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a type of white blood cell called lymphocyte. Hodgkin's lymphoma is classified into classical types and nodular lymphocyte predominant type. The nodular form tends to be more localized than the classical form. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is further subdivided into four subgroups depending on the cell composition of the lymphoma: nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte rich and lymphocyte depleted. The lymphocyte depleted form is the least common form of Hodgkin's disease.
• Lymphoma: Any neoplastic disorder that occurs in lymphoid tissue
• MRXS-Christianson: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation. Patients do eventually walk but then often lose this ability by the age of 10 years. Female carriers tend to have mild symptoms and males have severe symptoms - symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Machado-Joseph Disease: Rare genetic muscle disease causing muscle weakness.
• Macrocytic Hyperchromic Anemia: Macrocytic Hyperchromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by abnormally large red blood cells which contain abnormally high amounts of haemoglobin. There is also a reduced number of red blood cells. This anomaly can be associated with such things as celiac disease or alcoholism.
• Macrogyria, pseudobulbar palsy and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development which results in mild mental retardation, epilepsy, developmental delay and pseudobulbar palsy which affects speech, chewing and swallowing functions.
• Mandibulofacial dysostosis, Treacher Collins type, autosomal recessive: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by eye, face, mouth, ear and skull abnormalities.
• Marchiafava-Micheli disease: A rare disorder involving episodes of hemoglobinuria that usually occur at night.
• Marine turtle poisoning: Marine turtles are found and eaten in the rivers and coastal waters of Southeast Asia. It is believed that sometimes these turtles become poisonous when the eat toxic algae which occur at certain times of the year. Symptoms vary in nature and severity amongst patients - obviously the more that is eaten, the more severe the symptoms are.
• Marine turtle poisoning - Green Sea Turtle: Green Sea turtles are found and eaten in the rivers and coastal waters of Southeast Asia. It is believed that sometimes these turtles become poisonous when the eat toxic algae which occur at certain times of the year. Symptoms vary in nature and severity amongst patients - obviously the more that is eaten, the more severe the symptoms are.
• Marine turtle poisoning - Hawksbill Turtle: Hawksbill turtles are found and eaten in the rivers and coastal waters of Southeast Asia. It is believed that sometimes these turtles become poisonous when the eat toxic algae which occur at certain times of the year. Symptoms vary in nature and severity amongst patients - obviously the more that is eaten, the more severe the symptoms are.
• Marine turtle poisoning - Leatherback Turtle: Leatherback turtles are found and eaten in the rivers and coastal waters of Southeast Asia. It is believed that sometimes these turtles become poisonous when the eat toxic algae which occur at certain times of the year. Symptoms vary in nature and severity amongst patients - obviously the more that is eaten, the more severe the symptoms are.
• Marine turtle poisoning - Loggerhead Turtle: Loggerhead turtles are found and eaten in the rivers and coastal waters of Southeast Asia. It is believed that sometimes these turtles become poisonous when the eat toxic algae which occur at certain times of the year. Symptoms vary in nature and severity amongst patients - obviously the more that is eaten, the more severe the symptoms are.
• Marine turtle poisoning - Soft-shelled Turtle: Soft-shelled turtles are found and eaten in the rivers and coastal waters of Southeast Asia. It is believed that sometimes these turtles become poisonous when the eat toxic algae which occur at certain times of the year. Symptoms vary in nature and severity amongst patients - obviously the more that is eaten, the more severe the symptoms are.
• Mediastinitis: inflammation of the tissues in the mid-chest, or mediastinum
• Megalocytic-Normochromic anemia: Megalocytic-Normochromic is a blood disorder characterized by normal amounts of haemoglobin within abnormally large red blood cells. However, the number of red blood cells is low.
• Mental retardation, Microcephaly, Epilepsy and Ataxia Syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation. Patients do eventually walk but then often lose this ability by the age of 10 years. Female carriers tend to have mild symptoms and males have severe symptoms - symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - craniofacial dysmorphology - epilepsy - ophthalmoplegia - cerebellar atrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation. Patients do eventually walk but then often lose this ability by the age of 10 years. Female carriers tend to have mild symptoms and males have severe symptoms - symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining) or peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibres. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - pleural: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: An inherited biochemical deficiency involving a deficiency of the enzyme called arylsulfatase A which leads to a harmful buildup of fatty material in the body.
• Methyldopa-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Methyldopa-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Methyldopa triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Microcephaly brain defect spasticity hypernatremia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, brain defect, spasticity and high sodium level.
• Microcytic Anemia: Microcytic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by small red blood cells (erythrocytes). The red blood cells are small due to a failure of haemoglobin synthesis or insufficient quantities of haemoglobin available. The blood disorder is usually caused by conditions such as iron deficiency, chronic diseases and thalassemias.
• Microcytic Hyperchromic Anemia: Microcytic Hyperchromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by abnormally small red blood cells which contain abnormally high amounts of haemoglobin. There is also a reduced number of red blood cells. This anomaly can be associated with such things as chronic infections and severe malnutrition.
• Microcytic hypochromic anemia: Microcytic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by small red blood cells (erythrocytes) which have insufficient haemoglobin and hence have a reduced ability to carry oxygen through the body. The red blood cells are small due to a failure of haemoglobin synthesis or insufficient quantities of haemoglobin available. The blood disorder is usually caused by conditions such as iron deficiency, chronic diseases and thalassemias. The severity and range of symptoms is variable.
• Microcytic-Normochromic anemia: Microcytic-Normochromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by normal amounts of haemoglobin within small red blood cells. However the number of red blood cells is low.
• Mitochondrial Parkinson's disease: A form of Parkinson's disease that seems to be linked to mitochondrial defects - mitochondria are the energy-producing components of body cells. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome: A rare genetic disorder which affects a number of body systems and manifests results in symptoms such as droopy eyelids, progressive eye muscle weakness, gastrointestinal dysmotility, brain disease, thin body, peripheral neuropathy and muscle disease.
• Mitral stenosis: Narrowing of the mitral heart valve
• Mixed Cerebral Palsy: Cerebral palsy is movement disorder originating from some sort of damage to the brain. There are a few different types of cerebral palsy (e.g. spastic, athetoid, ataxic) and a combination of two or more types is known as mixed cerebral palsy. The symptoms of mixed cerebral palsy usually involves spasticity and athetoid movements but other variations such as ataxia can occur.
• Mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease: Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a type of white blood cell called lymphocyte. Hodgkin's lymphoma is classified into classical types and nodular lymphocyte predominant type. The nodular form tends to be more localized than the classical form. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is further subdivided into four subgroups depending on the cell composition of the lymphoma: nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte rich and lymphocyte depleted. The mixed cellularity type if often associated with infection with HIV or Epstein Barr virus.
• Mobius syndrome: Type of facial paralysis.
• Moebius Syndrome: Moebius syndrome is a very rare condition characterized by underdevelopment of the facial nerves (particularly sixth and seventh cranial nerves) which causes facial paralysis.
• Mohave Rattle snake poisoning: The Mohave rattle snake is a poisonous snake found mainly in Mexico and south-western areas of the US. The type of venom in Mohave snakes varies amongst species. Those with Type A venom tend to affect the nervous system whereas those with Type B venom primarily affect the blood and tissues. Type A tends to be more toxic than type B. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
• Monosomy 1p36: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as heart problems, mental retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism and short stature. The range and severity of symptoms is variable with some cases being relatively mild.
• Motor neuron diseases: Any of various disorders of the "motor neurons", nerves that control movement.
• Mouth cancer: Any cancer that occurs in the mouth
• Mouth conditions: Any condition that affects the mouth
• Mouth symptoms: Symptoms of the mouth or oral area.
• Mouth ulcers: Ulcers or sores in the mouth region.
• Mucoepidermoid: A mucoepidermoid is a type of cancer which is found primarily in the salivary glands (major and minor) but can be found in other glands such as the tear glands, breast gland and thyroid. The cancer develops from squamous, mucus-secreting and intermediate cells.
• Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a type of cancer which is found primarily in the salivary glands (major and minor) but can be found in other glands such as the tear glands, breast gland and thyroid. The cancer develops from squamous, mucus-secreting and intermediate cells.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune attack on spinal nerves causing diverse and varying neural problems.
• Multiple system atrophy: A rare disorder where nerve degeneration causes progressive neurological problems involving the central and autonomic nervous system. The rate of progression is variable.
• Mumps: An acute viral disease that causes the salivary glands to become swollen, sore and inflamed. Immunization had greatly reduced the incidence of this disease.
• Myasthenia Gravis: An autoimmune disorder which interferes with nerve impulses to muscles and hence results in weak, easily fatigued muscles.
• Myasthenia Gravis with Thymus Hyperplasia: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease which is often associated with an abnormal thymus. The relationship between the thymus and myasthenia is not fully understood but as the thymus is involved in the body's immune system, it may trigger the immune system abnormality underlying some cases of myasthenia gravis.
• Myasthenia, Familial Infantile, 1: Illness, stress or fatigue may result in sudden severe episodes of apnea which can be fatal.
• Myasthenia, familial: A familial form of myasthenia which is a muscle disease characterized by muscle weakness. The weakness is exacerbated by physical activity and improved by resting.
• Mycosis fungoides: Mycosis fungoides is a rare form of T-cell lymphoma of the skin. The disease is typically slowly progressive and chronic.
• Mycosis fungoides, familial: A rare form of lymphatic cancer (T-cell lymphoma) that primarily affects the skin and tends to occur with higher than normal frequency within a family. The skin is affected first, then the lymph nodes become inflamed and usually cancerous. The cancer can then spread to organs such as the liver, lungs and bone marrow. Survival depends on how early treatment starts. Patients diagnosed in the early stages can survive more than 12 years whereas once the cancer has spread to other organs, death usually occurs within three years.
• Myopathy, Congenital, Compton-North: A familial form of congenital muscle disease resulting from a genetic anomaly.
• Myopathy, Distal 2: An inherited muscle condition that tends to mainly affect the end portions of arms and legs - hands, feet, forearms and lower legs. There are three subtypes which are distinguished by the origin of the genetic defect. Type 2 is linked to a defect on chromosome 5q. Type two also involves problems with the vocal cord.
• Myotonic Dystrophy: An inherited disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting as well as eye defects, heart abnormalities and other anomalies. The severity of the condition is greatly variable. There are two type of myotonic dystrophy with type 1 being more severe than type 2.
• Möbius syndrome: Möbius syndrome is a very rare condition characterized by underdevelopment of the facial nerves (particularly sixth and seventh cranial nerves) which causes facial paralysis.
• NADH cytochrome B5 reductase deficiency: A very rare syndrome caused by a genetic anomaly resulting in an enzyme deficiency (NADH cytochrome B5 reductase).
• Nasal regurgitation of food: Regurgitation of fluids or food through the nose.
• Neck symptoms: Symptoms affecting the neck
• Nerve symptoms: Symptoms affecting the nerves
• Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation 2: A rare, inherited, progressive neurological movement disorder where accumulation of iron in the brain causes degeneration of the nervous system. Type 2 is linked to a defect in the PLA2G6 gene on chromosome 22q13.1.
• Neuroferritinopathy: A rare disorder where a genetic mutation results in a neurological disease resulting from abnormal iron and ferritin deposits in the brain.
• Neurofibromatosis-2: Genetic disorder often leading to tumors on nerves.
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A severe, potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic drugs.
• Neurosis: Variety of mental disorders with self-awareness
• Niemann-Pick disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme (acid sphingomyelinase) needed to break down certain lipids which results in an accumulation of these lipids in the body.
• Nocturnal heartburn: Heartburn seen more in the nights affecting sleep.
• Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's lymphoma: Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a type of white blood cell called lymphocyte. Hodgkin's lymphoma is classified into classical types and nodular lymphocyte predominant type. The nodular form tends to be more localized than the classical form. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is further subdivided into four subgroups depending on the cell composition of the lymphoma: nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte rich and lymphocyte depleted.
• Non-hereditary spherocytic anemia: Non-inherited spherocytic anemia is an acquired blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that are shaped like a sphere (spherocytes) rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormal cells are broken down prematurely resulting in a shortage of red blood cells (anemia). The blood condition may result from such things as acute, widespread burns to the body, low blood phosphate levels, Zieve's syndrome and toxins from poisonous snakes, spiders and insects.
• Normocytic anemia: Normocytic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are of a normal size but present in insufficient quantities. It is often associated with chronic diseases, blood loss, bone marrow problems and kidney disease. It can also be the result of an inherited condition.
• Normocytic-Normochromic anemia: Megalocytic-Normochromic is a blood disorder characterized by normal amounts of haemoglobin within normal-sized red blood cells. However, the number of red blood cells is low. Conditions such as haemolytic anemia, liver disease and aplastic anemia may be associated with this blood disorder.
• Nutritional Sideroblastic anemia: Nutritional sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused insufficient quantities of pyridoxine or copper. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells due to the lack of pyridoxine or copper. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Nutritional anemia: Nutritional anemia refers to a reduced red blood cell count due to a poor diet which is deficient in iron, folat and/or Vitamin B12.
• Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy: A group of genetic muscle-wasting diseases which affects mainly the eyes and throat. Weakness in limb and facial muscles can occur in later stages.
• Oesophageal spasm: An oesophageal spasm is incoordinated contraction of the muscles in the esophagus which carries food from the mouth to the stomach. The muscles contract simultaneously instead of a rhythmic successive motion.
• Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy: A group of diseases progressive degeneration occurs in a particular area of the brain (olivopontocerebellar area) which results in various neurological symptoms.
• Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy, Hereditary: A group of rare, inherited, neurodegenerative conditions characterized by progressive problems with balance, coordination of voluntary movements and speech. The rate of progression varies amongst patients.
• Ondine syndrome: A rare condition involving defects in the mechanism that control breathing.
• Ophthalmoplegic Muscular dystrophy: A rare disorder characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of the muscles around the eyes. Swallowing muscles may eventually become involved as well.
• Opitz G Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: one is inherited in a X-linked manner and the other is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with the X-linked form of the condition tend to have few symptoms and often only have wide set eyes.
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: one is inherited in a X-linked manner and the other is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with the X-linked form of the condition tend to have few symptoms and often only have wide set eyes.
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome, Type II: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: Type I inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome, X-linked: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: type I is inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with type I tend to have few if any symptoms - often the only symptom is wide-set eyes.
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome, type I: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: type I is inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
• Opitz G/BBB syndrome, Autosomal dominant: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: type I is inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
• Opitz syndrome , X-linked: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• Oral cancer: Cancer (malignant) of the lip or inside the mouth.
• Oral candidiasis: An infection with the fungus candida which occurs in the mouth
• Oral pharyngeal disorders: Disorders involving the mouth and back of throat area including the pharynx. The disorder may include cancers, structural abnormalities, fungal disease, infections and inflammation. The type and severity of symptoms varies greatly depending on the type of disorder.
• Oral submucous fibrosis: A rare disorder involving inflammation and progressive fibrosis of tissues inside the mouth. The condition starts with redness, blistering and ulceration inside the mouth that is eventually replaced with stiff fibrous tissue as it heals. The inside of the mouth can become stiff and hinder oral functions such as eating, speaking and even opening the mouth. Even the pharynx may occasionally be involved. The condition can become cancerous. The disorder is often associated with chewing betel nuts in Asian and Indian areas.
• Oral thrush: Candida fungal infection of the mouth.
• Oromandibular and Limb Hypogenesis Syndrome, Type I: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type I involves only an underdeveloped or missing tongue.
• Oromandibular and Limb Hypogenesis Syndrome, Type II: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type II involves an underdeveloped or missing tongue as well as missing digits or limb deficiencies.
• Oromandibular and Limb Hypogenesis Syndrome, Type V: Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of disorders which can be categorized into a number of subtypes. Type V involves an underdeveloped tongue as well as various other anomalies - syndromes such as Hanhart syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome, Moebius Syndrome and Amniotic Band syndrome fall into this category.
• Oropharyngeal cancer: Oropharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the oropharynx. The oropharynx is the middle part of the pharynx (throat) behind the mouth, and includes the back one-third of the tongue, the soft palate, the side and back walls of the throat, and the tonsils.
• Oropharyngeal cancer, adult: Cancer of the back of the mouth which forms part of the throat including the back of the tongue, tonsils, part of the throat wall and soft palate (oropharynx).
• Pain swallowing: Pain related to the action of swallowing
• Palate cancer: Any cancer that is located anatomically on the palate of the mouth
• Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: A rare, inherited, progressive neurological movement disorder where accumulation of iron in the brain causes degeneration of the nervous system.
• Paracoccidioidomycosis: Infection by the fungus Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis which usually affects the lungs but can also involve the skin, mucous membranes, lymphatic system and other parts of the body.
• Paraganglioma: A rare, usually benign tumor most often found in the abdomen, chest, head and neck areas. The tumor develops from glomus cells which are located along blood vessels involved in automatic body activities such as regulation of blood pressure and blood flow. Symptoms may vary depending on the exact location of the tumor.
• Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: Limbic encephalitis is an inflammation of the limbic system which is the part of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions. In the paraneoplastic type, the inflammation is caused by cancers such as small cell lung cancer.
• Parathyroid cancer, adult: A rare cancer that can occur in the parathyroid gland in adults. The parathyroid glands regulate body calcium levels so cancer of the gland upsets the body's calcium balance causing muscle, bone and other symptoms.
• Parkinson disease 10 (PARK10): Type 10 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 1p32. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 11 (PARK11): Type 11 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2q21.2. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 12 (PARK12): Type 12 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome Xq21-q25. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 13 (PARK13): Type 13 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2p12. This form of the condition tends to progress slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 2, autosomal recessive juvenile (PARK2): Type 2 Parkinson disease is juvenile form of the condition and is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 6q25.2-q27. The condition may be inherited in a recessive manner and symptoms tend to be milder following sleep. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 3: A genetic form of Parkinson disease which involves progressive degeneration of the central nervous system.
• Parkinson disease 3, autosomal dominant Lewy body (PARK3): Type 3 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2p13. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 4, autosomal dominant Lewy body (PARK4): Type 4 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4q21. This form of the condition tends to start around the age of 45 years and progresses rapidly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 5 (PARK5): Type 5 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4p14. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 6, autosomal recessive early-onset (PARK6): Type 6 Parkinson disease is an early-onset form of the condition and is linked to a genetic mutation on the PINK1 gene on chromosome 1p36. The condition may be inherited in a recessive manner and symptoms tend to fluctuate during the day. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 7, autosomal recessive early-onset (PARK7): Type 7 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation in the DJ1 gene on chromosome 1p36. This form of the condition tends to start before the age of 40 years and progresses slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 8 (PARK8): Type 8 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 1p32. This form of the condition tends to progress slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 9: A genetic form of Parkinson disease (a progressive degeneration of the central nervous system) that progresses rapidly once it starts. Dementia, spasticity and eye movement problems are also characteristic of this form of Parkinson disease.
• Parkinson disease 9 (PARK9): Type 9 Parkinson disease is linked to a mutation in the ATP13A2 gene on chromosome 1p36. This condition progresses rapidly and usually starts during the second decade of life. Dementia, eye movement problems and wasting of the brain tissue occur in addition to the typical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease, familial, type 1 (PARK1): Type 1 familial Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4q21. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease, genetic types: A type of Parkinson disease that results from a genetic anomaly. There are a more than ten different genes that can cause Parkinson disease.
• Parkinson's Disease: Degenerative brain condition characterised by tremor.
• Penicillin-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Penicillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Penicillin triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Perisylvian syndrome: A very rare nerve disorder characterized by weakness or paralysis of face, jaw tongue and throat muscles. Other symptoms include seizures, delayed development and mental retardation.
• Pernicious anemia: A megaloblastic anaemia due to malabsorption of the vitamin B12
• Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx.
• Plummer-Vinson syndrome: A disorder characterized by swallowing difficulty associated with severe iron-deficiency anemia.
• Pneumonia, Aspiration: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by breathing in liquids and solids (usually the stomach contents).
• Poikilocytic anemia: Poikilocytic anemia refers a blood disorder characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells. The abnormal red blood cells may be destroyed prematurely resulting in anemia. The severity of the anemia and hence the severity of symptoms is variable.
• Polio: Dangerous virus now rare due to vaccination.
• Poliomyelitis: Dangerous virus now rare due to vaccination.
• Polyneuropathy - Ophthalmoplegia - Leukoencehalopathy - Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction: A rare genetic disorder which affects a number of body systems and manifests results in symptoms such as droopy eyelids, progressive eye muscle weakness, gastrointestinal dysmotility, brain disease, thin body, peripheral neuropathy and muscle disease.
• Primary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by an abnormal immune system response. The body's immune system produces antibodies against the body's own red blood cells which leads to the destruction of red blood cells and hence anemia. The secondary form of the condition is the result of an underlying condition such as lupus or hepatitis whereas the primary form has no underlying condition.
• Primary Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Primary cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition where the body's immune system triggers the production of antibodies against the body's own red blood cells. The process occurs only when the patient is exposed to temperatures colder the average body temperature. The red cells are destroyed at an abnormally rapid rate which leads to anemia. The primary form of the condition means that there is no underlying condition. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Primary Parkinsonism: A type of Parkinson disease that results from a genetic anomaly. There are a more than ten different genes that can cause Parkinson disease.
• Progeroid syndrome, neonatal: A rare congenital condition characterized by poor growth, aged facial appearance, and mental retardation. Death occurs usually by 6 years of age.
• Progressive External Opthhalmoplegia, Autosomal Dominant: A slow progressive paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye (external eye muscles). The condition is often abbreviated to PEO which can include the eye muscles. PEO is usually caused by mitochondrial diseases such as mitochondrial myopathy. Muscles are the most frequently affected organs in mitochondrial disease. There are a number of subtypes each originating from a different genetic mutations and involving variations in the manifestations.
• Progressive External Opthhalmoplegia, Autosomal Dominant, 1: A slow progressive paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye (external eye muscles). The condition is often abbreviated to PEO and is caused by a mitochondrial disease called mitochondrial myopathy which affects the muscles which can include the eye muscles. There are a number of different subtypes, each linked to a different genetic defect. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 15q25.
• Progressive Spinobulbar muscular atrophy: Genetic disease affecting nerves and muscles
• Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A disorder characterized by reduced motor control, dementia and eye movement problems.
• Proximal spinal muscular atrophy, proximal, Adult, autosomal recessive: A rare, progressive neuro-muscular disease that occurs in adults. Nerve cells in the spinal cord are impaired resulting in loss of voluntary muscle control in various parts of the body. The lack of use of the muscle results in atrophy or weakness. Progression and prognosis is difficult to determine as individuals are affected to varying degrees.
• Proximal spinal muscular atrophy, type 4: A rare, progressive neuro-muscular disease that occurs in adults. Nerve cells in the spinal cord are impaired resulting in loss of voluntary muscle control in various parts of the body. The lack of use of the muscle results in atrophy or weakness. Progression and prognosis is difficult to determine as individuals are affected to varying degrees.
• Proximal spinal muscular atrophy, type IV: A rare, progressive neuro-muscular disease that occurs in adults. Nerve cells in the spinal cord are impaired resulting in loss of voluntary muscle control in various parts of the body. The lack of use of the muscle results in atrophy or weakness. Progression and prognosis is difficult to determine as individuals are affected to varying degrees.
• Pyridoxine deficiency-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Pyridoxine deficiency-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused insufficient quantities of pyridoxine. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells due to the lack of pyridoxine. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Pyrosis: The occurrence of chest pain which is consistent with gastro-oesophageal reflux
• Quinidine-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Quinidine-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Methyldopa triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Quinsy: Tonsil abscess
• REST syndrome: A condition that is similar to CREST syndrome but doesn't include calcinosis. The disorder affects the skin, blood vessels and digestive tract.
• Rabies: An infectious disease that can affect any mammal including humans and is transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal. The infectious agent is the Neurotropic lyssavirus which affects the salivary gland and also causes neurological symptoms.
• Respiratory symptoms: Symptoms affecting the breathing systems.
• Retropharyngeal abscess: The high mortality rate of retropharyngeal abscess is owing to its association with airway obstruction
• Riedel syndrome: A rare condition that occurs when fibrous tissue forms in the thyroid area and progressively destroys the thyroid gland.
• Right parietal lobe syndrome related Alzheimer's disease: Right parietal lobe syndrome related Alzheimer's disease is a variant of Alzheimer's disease that involves abnormalities in a particular part of the brain. It is characterized by Alzheimer's symptoms as well as problems with such things as construction (making things) and drawing as well as denial of their disabilities. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Salivary gland cancer: Salivary gland cancer is a rare form of cancer in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands in the mouth, neck or throat
• Salivary gland cancer, adult: Cancer of the salivary glands in adults. Salivary glands are glands that produce saliva to facilitate the process of chewing, swallowing and digesting food.
• Schatzki ring: Ring-like constriction of the lower part of the esophagus which can cause swallowing problems.
• Scleroderma: A rare, progressive connective tissue disorder involving thickening and hardening of the skin and connective tissue. There are a number of forms of scleroderma with some forms being systemic (involving internal organs).
• Scleroderma, systemic: A rare autoimmune connective tissue disease where the body attacks parts of the body and causes scarring and thickness of the tissue. In the systemic form, the skin and organs are involved.
• Seafood allergy: A seafood allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to seafood or food containing seafood. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Secondary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by an abnormal immune system response. The body's immune system produces antibodies against the body's own red blood cells which leads to the destruction of red blood cells and hence anemia. The secondary form of the condition is the result of an underlying condition such as lupus or hepatitis whereas the primary form has no underlying condition. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Secondary Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Secondary cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition where the body's immune system triggers the production of antibodies against the body's own red blood cells. The process occurs only when the patient is exposed to temperatures colder the average body temperature. The red cells are destroyed at an abnormally rapid rate which leads to anemia. The secondary form of the condition means that it is the result of an underlying condition - it usually occurs after some sort of infection. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Sensations: Changes to sensations or the senses
• Sickle cell anemia: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are crescent-shaped rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are unable to function normally and tend to undergo premature destruction which leads to anemia. If the genetic defect which causes the condition is inherited from both parents the condition can be quite severe whereas if it is inherited from only one parent, often there are no symptoms. The abnormally shaped red blood cells can cause problems when they clump together and block blood vessels.
• Sideroblastic anemia: Sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder where the body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly. The condition may be inherited, acquired or secondary.
• Sideropenic anemia: Sideropenic anemia is a blood abnormality characterized by reduced iron levels in the plasma. It is a very common form of anemia.
• Sjogren's Syndrome: Autoimmune disease damaging the eye tear ducts and other glands.
• Skeletal dysplasia - mental retardation: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Sleep apnea: A condition which is characterized by transient attacks of apnea that usually occur during ones sleep
• Small Cell Lung Cancer: Small cell lung cancer is a cancer of the small cells which make up some of the lung tissue. It tends to be a more aggressive cancer than large cell lung cancer and can metastasize to other parts of the body. This type of cancer nearly always occurs in a people with a history of smoking.
• Smoking: The smoking of cigarettes
• Sore throat: Discomfort in the throat or with swallowing
• Spherocytic anemia: Spherocytic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that are shaped like a sphere (spherocytes) rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormal cells are broken down prematurely resulting in a shortage of red blood cells (anemia). The condition may be inherited or acquired.
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A rare condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the spinal and brainstem motor neurons. During fetal development excess primary neurons are formed. The body automatically destroys the extra primary neurons so that only some survive and mature into neurons. In spinal muscular dystrophy, the process that destroys the excess primary neurons doesn't switch off and continues destroying the neurons resulting in progressive motor problems. Various types of the condition range from mild to severe enough to cause death within a couple of years of birth.
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy type I: Type of SMA, a genetic motor neuron disease affecting nerves and muscles.
• Spinal bulbar motor neuropathy: A rare inherited disease that affects the nerves in the spine and in the bulbous (bulbar) part of the brain stem. The main signs are muscle weakness and wasting.
• Spinal muscular atrophy, Adult form: A rare, progressive neuro-muscular disease that occurs in adults. Nerve cells in the spinal cord are impaired resulting in loss of voluntary muscle control in various parts of the body. The lack of use of the muscle results in atrophy or weakness. Progression and prognosis is difficult to determine as individuals are affected to varying degrees.
• Spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy, type 2: A neurological disorder characterized by progressive ataxia, tremor and muscle weakness and wasting. The rate of progression and severity is variable with some needing wheelchairs in their second decade and others still capable of some walking in their 4th decade.
• Sprue: Malabsorption digestive syndrome
• Stomach cancer: Stomach or gastric cancer can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs
• Stomach cancer, familial: Cancer of the stomach that tends to run in families.
• Strep throat: An infection which occurs in the throat
• Striped Blister Beetle poisoning: The striped blister beetle is native to many parts of America and Canada. Animals that accidentally eat the beetles can become quite ill and they can also cause symptoms in humans if accidentally ingested. The beetles contain toxic substances called cantharidin and pederin which can cause symptoms through skin or eye exposure as well as through ingestion.
• Stroke symptoms: Brain-related symptoms of bleeding or blockage.
• Subacute Thyroiditis: A self-limiting, virally induced inflammation of the thyroid characterised by a febrile illness and swelling of the thyroid, with subsequent damage to the thyroid tissue causing leakage of thyroid hormones into the circulation
• Sudden infant death syndrome: The sudden death of an infant due to an unknown cause that occurs during sleep
• Sulphonamide -induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Sulphonamide-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Methyldopa triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Superior vena cava syndrome: A condition caused by compression or obstruction to the normal circulation of the superior vena cava which carries deoxygenated blood from the body tissues back to the heart.
• Swallowing symptoms: Problems with the ability to swallow
• Tay Sachs: Rare genetic disease leading to fatty deposits in the brain.
• Tetanus: A disease caused by chemicals which are produced by a bacterium (clostridium tetani) and are toxic to the nerves. The infection usually occurs when the bacteria enter the body through a deep wound - these bacteria are anaerobic and hence don't need oxygen to survive.
• Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies: A rare genetic disorder where insufficient levels of tetrahydropterin leads to a build up of phenylalanine in the blood which can cause toxic side effects such as nerve damage or even brain damage. The condition does not usually cause any significant symptoms.
• Throat symptoms: Symptoms affecting the throat
• Throat ulcers: Ulceration of the internal throat
• Thymic epithelial tumor: A tumor that develops in the outer layers (epithelial) layers of the thymus. The tumor may be malignant or benign. The thymus produces white blood cells.
• Thyroid cancer, Hurthle cell: A rare form of cancer that originates in the thyroid gland. This cancer is characterized by the abnormal presence of Hurthle cells which may signify benign or malignant thyroid cancer. The cancer usually responds well to treatment if detected in the earlier stages.
• Thyroid cancer, follicular: A usually slow-growing cancer of the thyroid gland which is rarely fatal. The cancer develops from cells in the thyroid that produce iodine-containing hormones. This type of cancer usually responds well to treatment.
• Thyroid cancer, medullary: Cancer of the thyroid gland. The cancer develops from the parafollicular cells or in the thyroid gland which produced calcitonin. This type of cancer does not respond to treatment as well as papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. This form of thyroid cancer may be inherited.
• Thyroid cancer, papillary: A usually slow-growing cancer of the thyroid gland which is rarely fatal. The cancer develops from cells in the thyroid that produce iodine-containing hormones. This type of cancer usually responds well to treatment.
• Thyroid hormone plasma membrane transport defect: Thyroid problems caused by a defect in the transport of a thyroid hormone called T4 (thyroxine) within the body. The thyroid produces excessive hormones to try to compensate for that inability of the body to utilize the hormone.
• Thyroid symptoms: Symptoms affecting the thyroid gland
• Tongue Cancer: The majority of tongue cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. These arise from the lining that covers the muscles of the tongue
• Tongue Conditions: Any condition that affects the tongue
• Tongue symptoms: Symptoms affecting the tongue.
• Tongue ulcers: Ulcers that appear on the tongue
• Tonsil cancer: A disorder characterised by malignancy that is located on the tonsils
• Tonsil disorders: Any disorder that occurs on the tonsil
• Tonsilitis: Inflammation of the tonsils in the throat.
• Tonsillitis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation of the tonsils
• Toxin-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Toxin-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by toxins such as lead or zinc poisoning. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Trichinosis: Worm infection usually caught from pigs
• Ulcer: The sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue causing a local defect in the surface of an organ or tissue
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A deficiency of Vitamin B12 primarily causes anemias the body is unable to make sufficient quantities of normal red blood cells. Severe cases can lead to permanent nervous system problems. The vitamin B12 deficiency can result from absorption problems, insufficient dietary intake, certain medications (e.g. metformin), inherited conditions (e.g. transcobalamin deficiency) and certain chronic parasitic intestinal infestations.
• Vocal cord carcinoma: A cancer that occurs in the vocal cords. Predisposing factors for this type of cancer include smoking, chemicals, environmental irritants and metabolic problems.
• Vocal cord paralysis: Paralysis of the vocal cords leading to a change in voice or loss of ability to speak.
• Wallenberg's Syndrome: A rare neurological condition caused by a stroke (involving the cerebellar artery) and resulting in symptoms such as facial paralysis or weakness on one side of body.
• Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition where the body's immune system triggers the production of antibodies against the body's own red blood cells. The red cells are destroyed at an abnormally rapid rate which leads to anemia. Warm haemolytic anemia is characterized by the fact that the abnormal destruction of red blood cells is more active when the patient is exposed to warm temperatures. The severity of the condition varies depending on the underlying cause e.g. cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, HIV and lupus. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Whistling face syndrome, recessive form: A rare, recessively inherited syndrome characterized mainly by a characteristic "whistling" face and hand anomalies. The range of symptoms are variable.
• White snakeroot poisoning: White snakeroot is a herbaceous plant which is found mainly growing in the wild in the US and has round clusters of small white flowers. The plant contains a chemical called tremetol which can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in people who drink the raw milk or eat the meat from cows who have fed on the plant. The plant itself is considered very poisonous to humans and eating the plant can result in death.
• Wilson's disease: Wilson disease, or hepatolenticular degeneration, is a neurodegenerative disease of copper metabolism.
• Wolfram Syndrome 2: Wolfram Syndrome is a condition characterized by the association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness. Type 2 is the result of a genetic defect and is similar to type 1 but there is no diabetes insipidus and patients tend to develop gastrointestinal problems.
• X-linked sideroblastic anemia: X-linked sideroblastic anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of iron in the red blood cells which makes them unable to function properly. The body continues to absorb more iron from digesting food in order to try and correct the problem but this simply leads to excessive iron being deposited in body tissues as the it can't use the iron properly. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Zellweger Syndrome: Zellweger spectrum disorders are a group of rare, genetic, multisystem disorders that were once thought to be separate entities. These disorders are now classified as different expressions (variants) of one disease process. Collectively, they form a spectrum or continuum of disease. Zellweger syndrome is the most severe form; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy is the intermediate form; and infantile Refsum disease is the mildest form.
• Zenker's diverticulum: Zenker's diverticulum, is a diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharynx, just above the cricopharyngeal muscle.

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