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Is there a history of ingestion or use of a foul substance? Such a history may suggest that the cause is onions, garlic, alcohol, tobacco, paraldehyde, mercury, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there exudates? This is a key question when evaluating a sore throat. Most cases of sore throat with exudates will be found to have ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there generalized pigmentation? The findings of generalized pigmentation would suggest Addison's disease, arsenic poisoning, and occasionally hemochromatosis. When ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... Pain in the tongue is rarely an isolated symptom. There is usually a focal or diffuse inflammation of the tongue or an ulcerating lesion. Diffuse inflammation is found in antibiotic glossitis, glossitis of... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... Ulcerations of the tongue are most commonly due to aphthous stomatitis (canker sore), but they may appear in various stages of syphilis, in herpes zoster, as a result of repetitive trauma from a
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Halitosis, or bad breath, may be acute or chronic, depending on the underlying cause. It may indicate the need for improved dental hygiene or may be a symptom of an underlying infection or chronic disease. Oral causes... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Sore throat is a common symptom. Many patients incorrectly believe that antibiotics improve the clinical course in all sore throats. Although the vast majority of sore throats are of viral origin and should be managed... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Acute and chronic drooling (sialorrhea) must be differentiated. Sudden severe drooling in a septic-appearing child may indicate severe pharyngeal edema and airway compromise. Chronic drooling may be... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Halitosis is a relatively infrequent pediatric chief complaint; however, it frequently emerges as part of the HPI. Acute causes are usually upper respiratory infections (such as stomatitis, tonsillitis, or sinusitis), whereas chronic... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Most sore throats and coughs are due to infection. Children may have 5–8 upper respiratory infections per year. The primary differential is between viral and bacterial etiologies,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Breaking down the orophraynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic
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... What are the various causes of bad breath and how can they be recalled with ease? The best method is to visualize the respiratory and upper GI tree, because this is where the substances (mucus or
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... Examination of the tongue is a time-honored important diagnostic aid, but in my experience, it is unusual for patients to present with pain in the tongue. Nevertheless, there is a plethora of causes. The mnemonic VINDICATE
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... Swollen tongue (macroglossia) is an uncommon complaint, yet on examination, it is occasionally found. Is it possible to think of more than two or three causes? In most instances this is difficult, yet there
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... Drooling — the flow of saliva from the mouth — results from a failure to swallow or retain saliva or from excess salivation. It may stem from facial muscle paralysis or weakness that... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Throat pain — commonly known as a sore throat — refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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Drooling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Drooling—the flow of saliva from the mouth—results from a failure to swallow or retain saliva or from excess salivation. It may stem from facial muscle paralysis or weakness that... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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Halitosis
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Halitosis describes any breath odor that’s unpleasant, disagreeable, or offensive. This common sign is usually easy to detect, but an embarrassed patient may take measures to... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Throat pain—commonly known as a sore throat—refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Halitosis
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Mark Douglas Andrews
Halitosis (fetor oris) is a common problem, usually thought to be merely a social handicap related to poor oral hygiene or disease of the oral... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Rhinovirus
❑ Group A streptococci
❑ Ebstein-Barr virus
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Halitosis describes any breath odor that’s unpleasant, disagreeable, or offensive. Certain types of halitosis characterize specific disorders — for example, a fruity breath odor... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Throat pain — also known as a sore throat — refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Sore Throat
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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...Sore throat refers to any painful sensationof the pharynx or surrounding tissues and is a common complaintin childhood and adolescence. Principal Causes of Sore Throat Infection ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Drooling—the flow of saliva from the mouth—results from a failure to swallow or retain saliva or from excess salivation. It may stem from facial muscle paralysis or weakness that prevents mouth closure, from... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Throat pain—commonly known as a sore throat—refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Breaking down the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic
components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of
sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
What are the various causes of bad breath and how can they be recalled
with ease? The best method is to visualize the respiratory and upper
gastrointestinal (GI.5pt) tree,... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Examination of the tongue is a time-honored important diagnostic aid,
but in my experience, it is unusual for patients to present with pain in the
tongue. Nevertheless, there is a plethora of
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Swollen tongue (macroglossia) is an uncommon complaint, yet on
examination, it is occasionally found. Is it possible to think of more than
two or three causes? In most instances this is difficult, yet there... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The mnemonic MINT will help the recall of the important causes
of tongue ulcers.
M—Malformation suggests malocclusion, which can cause repetitive
trauma to the tongue. Also dental
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... Cynthia R. Jacobstein, MD Sore Throat - BASICS Sore Throat - description Sore throat or pain with swallowing is a common presenting complaint in the... Sore Throat - DIAGNOSIS ... Sore Throat - TREATMENT ... Sore Throat - FOLLOW UP ... Sore Throat - bibliography ... Sore Throat - CODES ... Sore Throat - FAQ
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