Pulmonary Edema
Elevated Microvascular Pressure
Cardiogenic
Volume overload (especially when associated with low plasma oncotic pressure)
Neurogenic
Head trauma
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Postictal
Pulmonary venous obstruction
Chronic mediastinitis
Anomalous pulmonary venous return
Congenital pulmonary venous stenosis
Idiopathic venoocclusive disease
Normal Microvascular Pressure
(Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
Infection
Sepsis
Pneumonia
Bacterial
Viral
Mycoplasmal
Fungal
P.
carinii
Legionnaires' disease
Miliary tuberculosis
Toxic shock syndrome
Malaria
Liquid aspiration
Gastric contents
Water (near-drowning, fresh and saltwater)
Hypertonic contrast media
Ethyl alcohol
Shock, especially septic
Multiple trauma and burns
Hematologic disorders
Diffuse intravascular coagulation
Transfusion-related leukoagglutinins
Leukemia
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Unfiltered blood transfusion (controversial)
Inhaled toxic gases
Oxygen (high concentration)
Smoke
Nitrogen dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Chlorine
Phosgene
Ozone
Metallic oxides
Acid fumes
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Cadmium
Ammonia
Embolism
Thrombus
Fat
Air
Amniotic fluid
Acute pancreatitis
Drug overdose
Narcotics
Propoxyphene
Chlordiazepoxide
Aspirin
Ethchlorvynol
Barbiturates
Colchicine
Drug-induced lung injury
Paraquat
Nitrofurantoin
Amiodarone
Immunologic injury
Goodpasture's syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Associated with high negative pleural pressure
Postthoracentesis
Post–expansion of pneumothorax
Acute bronchial asthma
Complete upper airway obstruction (e.g., hanging)
Pulmonary lymphatic obstruction
Fibrotic and inflammatory disease (e.g., silicosis)
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
Post–lung transplant
Miscellaneous
Acute radiation pneumonitis
Pulmonary contusion
Post–cardiopulmonary bypass
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Circulating vasoactive substance (e.g., histamine)
Dextran
Lymphangiogram dye (mechanism controversial)
Eclampsia
Unclear Mechanisms
High-altitude pulmonary edema
References
1. Honig EG, Ingram RH: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, p. 1483. See Bibliography, 3.
2. Matthay MA, Hopewell PC: Critical Care for Acute Respiratory Failure. See Bibliography, 9.
3. Hudson LD: Causes of the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Recognition.
Clin Chest Med 3:195, 1982.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.
More About Causes of Lung symptoms
» Next page: Pulmonary Hypertension (A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis)
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