Glossary for Joint symptoms

Medical terms related to Joint symptoms or mentioned in this section include:

• $22q11.2 deletion syndrome$: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• $3-M Syndrome$: A rare genetic condition which is characterized by distinctive physical features and severe growth retardation that starts during the fetal stage. Intelligence is not affected.
• $49,XXXXY syndrome$: A rare sex chromosome abnormality where there are three extra copies of the X chromosome.
• $7p2 Monosomy Syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is one copy of the end of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material deleted.
• ALL-Down syndrome: The presence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Down syndrome patients. These patients tend to have a poorer prognosis for the leukemia than patients without Down syndrome.
• Absent abdominal musculature with microphthalmia and joint laxity: A rare disorder characterized mainly by small eyes, loose joints, a lack of abdominal muscles and facial anomalies.
• Acanthocheilonemiasis: A rare tropical infection caused by a particular threadworm usually found in Africa. It may cause skin rashes, muscle and joint pains, neurologic disorders and skin lumps. The cerebrospinal fluid may also contain the larvae.
• Achard syndrome: An inherited connective tissue disorder characterized primarily by a short head, long, slender bones, recessed lower jaw and loose hand and foot joints.
• Aching joints: A sensation of aching located in the joints
• Achondroplasia: A rare disease characterized by abnormal bone growth which results in short stature with short arms and legs, large head and characteristic facial features.
• Acinic cell carcinoma: A usually slow-growing malignant tumor that that can occur in various parts of the body but is most often found in the pancreas, salivary glands, palate and upper lip. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the growth.
• Ackerman Dermatitis Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the association of skin and joint symptoms. It is characterized by arthritis preceded by a skin rash (interstitial granulomatous dermatitis) which can vary in appearance from person to person. The condition tends to go through periods of flares and remission.
• Acne: Pimples and blackheads on the skin
• Acrodysostosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short hands, small nose, mental deficiency and hand and foot deformities.
• Acromegaly: An abnormal enlargement of the limbs due to increased secretion of growth hormone after the cessation of puberty
• Acromesomelic dysplasia Brahimi Bacha type: A very rare genetic malformation syndrome characterized primarily by developmental abnormalities of the face and skeletal bones.
• Acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter Thompson type: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by various severe developmental abnormalities of the skeletal bones.
• Acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by various developmental abnormalities of the skeletal bones and facial anomalies.
• Acromicric dysplasia: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by various severe developmental abnormalities of the skeletal bones and facial anomalies.
• Acroosteolysis dominant type: A rare inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by breakdown of bone especially in the ends of the fingers and toes.
• Actinomycosis: A chronic infection usually caused by an organism normally found in human bowels and mouths. The disease usually affects the face and neck and results in deep, lumpy abscesses that emit a grainy pus through multiple sinuses.
• Acute Bokhoror: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute VE: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Viliuisk Encephalitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Vilyuisk Encephalitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Vilyuisk Encephalomyelitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute erythroleukemia: A rare condition characterized by the presence of abnormal blood cells (erythroblastic precursors) in the bone marrow and blood. The condition is characterized by anemia and generally leads to the development of acute myelogenous leukemia. The acute form has more severe symptoms than the chronic form.
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A malignant disease that starts suddenly and progresses quickly. It is characterized by a high number of immature cells in the organs, bone marrow and blood. Symptoms include fever, pallor, anorexia, fatigue, anemia, hemorrhage, bone pain, splenomegaly and frequent infections. Also called acute lymphocytic leukemia.
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult: Cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute myeloid leukemia: A form of rapidly progressing blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute promyelocytic leukemia: A rare bone marrow cancer characterized by a lack of mature blood cells and excessive amounts of immature blood cells (promyelocytes).
• Acute rheumatic fever: Bacterial joint infection with risk of heart complications.
• Adducted thumbs - arthrogryposis, Christian type: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Adenoviruses: Common viruses causing common cold and various other ailments.
• Adrenal gland hypofunction: Reduced adrenal gland activity due to damage to the adrenal gland or lack of stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adult hypophosphatasia: An rare inherited bone disorder due to an inborn error of metabolism characterized by a deficiency of alkaline phosphate. The condition involves the early loss of primary teeth and childhood rickets followed by a reasonable health until mid-adulthood when dental and skeletal abnormalities again become prevalent.
• Adult onset Still's disease: A form of Still's disease that has a later onset and involves arthralgia or arthritis and a characteristic rash that often appears during periods of temperature increase.
• African Sleeping sickness: A disease caused by parasites (Trypanosome brucei gamiense or T. brucei rodesiense) and transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly which is found only in Africa. Causes symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, anemia, edema of hands and feet, enlarged lymph glands, lethargy, sleepiness, convulsions and coma. Also called African trypanosomiasis and sleeping sickness.
• Agammaglobulinemia: A rare genetic disorder, which inhibits the normal growth of B cells and results in immunoglobulin deficiency.
• Akesson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by excessive skin folds and furrows on the scalp, mental retardation the failure of the thyroid to develop.
• Alcoholic liver disease: Alcoholic liver disease is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, (in Asian countries, viral hepatitis is the major cause). It arises from the excessive ingestion of alcohol.
• Alkaptonuria: A rare inherited metabolic disease characterized by homogentisic aciduria, arthritis and ochronosis. Symptoms include darkening of urine, alkinization due to overproduction of homogentisic acid, arthritis in the large joints and black ochronotic pigmentation of cartilage and collagen tissue. However, many of these symptoms may not occur until middle age. The condition may also be caused by chronic phenol poisoning.
• Allain Babin Demarquez syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by premature fusion of skullbones, abnormal development of skeletal bones and hypertension.
• American mountain fever: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Amoebiasis: An infectious disease caused by a free-living amoebic parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. The organism infects the bowel and causes gastroenteritis. Infection occurs through ingesting contaminated food or water. It is more common in countries with poor sanitation. The incubation period may last from days to weeks before symptoms appear.
• Amyloidosis: A disease characterized by the accumulation of insoluble amyloid protein in tissues and organs which in turn affects the functioning of these tissues and organs.
• Amyloidosis beta2-microglobulinic: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage. The type of amyloid protein involved in this type of amyloidosis is beta-2-microglobulin. The abnormal protein tends to be deposited in parts of the body such as joints, bones and carpal tunnel but can also be found in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs.
• Amyoplasia: A rare condition characterized by congenital joint stiffness.
• Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: A form of cancer which tends to be systemic in nature and thus cancer cells can be found in various parts of the body such as the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, skin and bone marrow.
• Angiokeratoma - mental retardation - coarse face: A rare inherited genetic syndrome characterized by mental retardation, coarse facial features and capillary hemangiomas.
• Angioneurotic Edema: Involves swelling of deep skin layers and fatty tissues under the skin as well as the mucous membrane. The condition involves recurrent swelling of tissues, abdominal pain and swelling of the voice box. It is often caused by an allergic reaction to drugs or food. It is also called Quincke's disease, giant urticaria, Quincke's edema or angioedema.
• Ankle Osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the ankle joint as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Ankylosing Spondylitis: A form of chronic inflammation of the spine which may also affect joints in the shoulder, hip, neck, ribs and jaw. May result in loss of mobility. Also called Marie-Strumpell disease.
• Ankylosis: Stiffness or fusion of a joint leading to loss of mobility.
• Ankylosis - facial anomalies - pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized mainly by fused or stiff joints, facial anomalies and underdeveloped lungs.
• Anorexia Nervosa: A disorder where a distorted sense of body image leads to self-starvation to the point of death in some cases.
• Ansell-Bywaters-Elderking syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, rash, eye inflammation and joint disease.
• Anthrax: A serious infectious bacterial disease that can be fatal.
• Antihypertensive drug allergy: Taking antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure-lowering drugs) can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Antithyroid arthritis syndrome: Arthritis caused by using antithyroid drugs to treat hyperthyroidism.
• Aortic dilatation- joint hypermobility- arterial tortuosity: A rare syndrome characterized by the dilation of the aortic root, hyperextensible joints and varicose veins
• Apricot seed poisoning: Apricot seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the pit remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Most parts of the apricot plant contain the toxic chemical with the highest concentration in young leaves. Different species of apricots have different levels of toxic chemical. Severe symptoms or even death can occur if children consume more than ten kernels or adults consume more than forty kernels. Theories exist that apricot kernels may help cancer sufferers but there has been no scientific studies that have proven this.
• Arbovirosis: An infectious disease caused by an arbovirus. The virus is transmitted by arthropods such as insects and ticks. Examples of arboviruses include Yellow Fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis. The symptoms may vary depending on the type of virus involved. The infection can lead to life-threatening brain inflammation.
• Arthralgia: pain in the joints
• Arthralgia - purpura - weakness syndrome: A rare autoimmune disorder characterized mainly by weakness, joint pain, reddish or purplish skin discolorations and a blood abnormality where cryoglobulins in the blood precipitate at low temperatures.
• Arthritis: A condition which is characterized by the inflammation of a joint
• Arthritis - short stature - deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized by arthritis, short stature, deafness and numerous other abnormalities.
• Arthritis, Gouty: Joint pain and inflammation (arthritis) caused by gout (buildup of urate crystals). The big toe is most commonly affected but other joints may also be affected e.g. foot, ankle, elbow, wrist, knee and fingers. Usually only one joint is affected at a time. The condition is most often seen in older men.
• Arthritis-like symptoms: A condition which is characterized by symptoms which mimic that of arthritis
• Arthrogryposis: A condition which is characterized by the persistent flexure of a joint
• Arthrogryposis - ophthalmoplegia - retinopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized by congenital contractures of the hands and feet as well as eye problems.
• Arthrogryposis - renal dysfunction - cholestasis syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by joint contractures, kidney dysfunction and liver problems.
• Arthrogryposis IUGR thoracic dystrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized by congenital joint contractures, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and ribcage abnormalities.
• Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy: A rare disorder where a non-progressive muscle disease results in the presence of multiple joint contractures at birth.
• Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita neurogenic type: A rare non-progressive syndrome characterized by congenital contractures that originates from a nerve problem (spinal motor neuron depletion).
• Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita type 2B: A form of distal arthrogryposis (joint contractures in ends of limbs) that also involves craniofacial abnormalities.
• Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal, X-linked: A rare condition characterized by the presence of contractures at birth as well as various other anomalies. The condition is X-linked.
• Arthrogryposis, congenital - myopathic seizures: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and muscle problems.
• Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2A: A form of distal arthrogryposis (joint contractures in ends of limbs) that involves additional symptoms such as facial and spinal anomalies.
• Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B: A form of distal arthrogryposis (joint contractures in ends of limbs) that also involves craniofacial abnormalities.
• Arthrogryposis-like disorder: A rare disorder characterized by joint contractures of the knees and ankles resulting in wasting or overgrowth of nearby muscles.
• Arthropathy, Neurogenic: Joint destruction caused by damage to the nervous system which prevents the patient feeling sensations in the joint. Due to the nerve damage, pain and damage to the joint often goes unnoticed as the joint deteriorates even further. The knee and ankle are the most common joints affected. The condition is usually caused by an underlying diseases which affects the nerves e.g. diabetic neuropathy, syringomyelia, spinal cord injury and pernicious anemia.
• Arthropathy, progressive pseudorheumatoid, of childhood: A form of progressive rheumatoid arthritis that affects children.
• Asian Dendorlimus pini caterpillar poisoning: A chronic illness caused by contact with certain a poisonous caterpillar called Dendorlimus pini. Contact with the cocoon can also cause symptoms. These caterpillars can be found in Asia, north Africa and eastern Europe.
• Aspartylglucosaminidase deficiency: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Aspartylglucosaminuria: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Aspartylglycosaminuria: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Aspergillosis: Infection with a fungus called Aspergillus.
• Atkin-Flatiz syndrome: A rare, X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and facial anomalies.
• Atrial myxoma, familial: An atrial myxoma benign tumor that develops in the wall that separates the two upper chambers of the heart. The familial form of the condition also involves tumors in other parts of the body such as the skin, both heart atria or the heart ventricles.
• Autoimmune Hemophilia: Hemophilia caused by an autoimmune reaction
• Autoimmune Hepatitis: Liver inflammation caused due to autoimmune processes where the body's immune system attacks the liver.
• Autoimmune Vasculitis: A inflammation of the blood vessels caused by an autoimmune reaction
• Autoimmune thyroid disease associated Celiac Disease: Patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Avascular necrosis: Bone death from lack of circulation.
• Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly - hydrocephaly - skeletal abnormalities: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, excess fluid inside the skull and eye anomalies.
• Bacterial diseases: Diseases caused by a bacterial infection
• Baraitser burn fixen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, a skin disorder and an expressionless face.
• Barbiturate abuse: Abuse of barbiturate medications
• Barmah Forest virus: Mosquito-borne virus in parts of Australia
• Bartonella infections: Infection with bacteria from the Bartonella genus of bacteria. Specific bacteria from within this group are Bartonella bacilliforms (Oroya fever), Bartonella Heneslae (Cat-scratch disease). Other conditions caused by this bacteria are endocarditis, bacteremia and angiomatosis. Symptoms vary depending on the type of bacteria involved and the severity of the infection - immunocompromised patients face greater risk of severe infection.
• Bartonellosis: An infection by Bartonella bacilliformis which is transmitted through sandfly bites. Symptoms include fever, severe anemia, bone pain and skin lesions. Also called Carrion's disease, Oroya fever or verruga peruana.
• Bartonellosis due to Bartonella quintana infection: A disease caused by infection with Bartonella quintana which are transmitted by the body louse. It causes trench fever but may also result in septicemia and endocarditis in patients with a weakened immune system.
• Behcet's Disease: Recurring inflammation of small blood vessels affecting various areas.
• Behcet's syndrome: Recurring inflammation of small blood vessels affecting various areas.
• Bentham-Driessen-Hanveld syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of undescended testes, long thin fingers and mental retardation.
• Beriberi: Disease due to vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)
• Bernard syndrome: A familial condition characterized by acute anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria and destruction of red blood cells. Acute symptoms may follow an episode of fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, malaise and joint pain.
• Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease: A rare disease where inflammatory granular nodules form in various organs.
• Bethlem myopathy: A rare, slow-progressing, genetic muscle disorder where the muscle gradually weaken and become wasted.
• Biliary cirrhosis: Biliary cirrhosis is a condition where the bile ducts are unable to transport bile effectively due to blockage, inflammation, scarring or some other damage to the bile ducts. The condition may result from such things as congenital defect of the bile ducts (e.g. biliary atresia), cystic fibrosis, gallstones or a variety of other secondary conditions. The cause of primary biliary cirrhosis is not fully understood.
• Bird cherry seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Bird flu (avian influenza): Bird flu refers to influenza A invection. Influenza A is a viral respiratory infection that can usually occurs in birds (especially poultry) but can be transmitted to humans and cause serious illness. The virus is contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Bitter almond seed poisoning: Bitter almond seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Bitter almond plants grow mainly in Northern America. Various processes can be used to leach the toxic chemical out of the bitter almonds.
• Blastomycosis: A fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis and resulting in lung, skin, bone and genitourinary involvement.
• Bone symptoms: Symptoms affecting the body's bones
• Borreliosis: An infectious bacterial disorder that is transmitted by ticks and causes skin rashes joint swelling and other symptoms similar to the flu.
• Bortonneuse fever: A mild infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia Conorrii. The disease is transmitted by a dog tick (Riphicephalus sanguineus) and is most common in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Incubation usually takes about one week.
• Bouillaud's syndrome: Heart inflammation caused by rheumatism. The inner lining of the heart (endocardium) as well as the membrane surrounding the heart (pericardium) become inflamed.
• Boutonneuse fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Bowel bypass syndrome: Negative effects such as chills, fever, jont pain and skin inflammation that may result from bowel bypass surgery.
• Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome: An illness that sometimes occurs in people with gastrointestinal diseases. It is believed to be caused by a build up of bacteria in a pouch in the bowel which triggers the immune system into action.
• Brachydactylous dwarfism, Mseleni type: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by progressive joint disease, short stature and short fingers and toes. The joint disease affects mainly the hips, knees, ankles and spine. The condition can eventually lead to disability and hip and/or knee replacements in serious cases.
• Brachydactyly - tibial hypoplasia: A rare syndrome characterized by short digits and an underdeveloped or absent shin bone.
• Brill disease: A form of recurring typhus caused by a bacterium called Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by lice. The illness may occur years after the initial sickness and tends to be not as severe.
• Brucellosis: An infectious disease caused by the Brucella genus which is transmitted from animals to humans.
• Bruch's disease: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: A blistering disease that can develop in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The process is mediated by autoantibodies.
• Bursitis: inflammation of one or more bursae (small sacs) of synovial fluid in the body.
• CFS subtype 1 (cognitive, musculoskeletal, sleep, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 1 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being anxiety, depression and cognitive, musculoskeletal and sleeping problems.
• CFS subtype 2 ( musculoskeletal, pain, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 2 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being anxiety, depression, pain and musculoskeletal problems.
• CFS subtype 3 (mild): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 3 tends to have milder symptoms than other subtypes.
• CFS subtype 4 (cognitive, musculoskeletal, sleep, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 4 tends to be dominated by cognitive symptoms.
• CFS subtype 5 (musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 5 tends to be dominated by musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• CFS subtype 6 (postexertional): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 6 tends to be dominated by excessive fatigue following exertion.
• CFS subtype 7 (pain, infectious, musculoskeletal, sleep, neurological, gastrointestinal, neurocognitive, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 7 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being pain, infections, anxiety, depression and musculoskeletal, sleep, neurological, gastrointestinal and neurocognitive problems.
• $CRMO, juvenile$: A rare chronic inflammatory bone disease that occurs in children. The symptoms go into periods of remission only to return. The most common sites for the inflammation are the shinbone, thighbone and collarbone with usually several sites being affected at once.
• Camptodactyly: A flexion deformity of the finger where the finger is bent and unable to straighten.
• Camptodactyly, tall stature, and hearing loss syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by camptodactyly, tall stature and hearing loss. The hearing loss starts at birth or during infancy and progresses during childhood resulting in mild to severe hearing impairment.
• Campylobacter food poisoning: Common bacterial infection usually from chicken.
• Caplan's syndrome: Scarring and inflammation of lungs in people with rheumatoid arthritis who have also had exposure to coal dust. Also called rheumatoid pneumoconiosis.
• Capnocytophaga: A bacterial infection caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus which is often found in normal healthy cats and dogs. The infections tends to occur mainly in immunocompromised patients, alcoholics or patients who have chronic respiratory disease or have had their spleen removed. The eyes are particularly sensitive to this infection. The incubation period can be as long as eight days.
• Carcinoid syndrome: Carcinoid heart disease is a rare, metastatic disease that occurs predominantly in the right heart. The tricuspid and pulmonic valves are affected, leading to right heart failure, which results in increased morbidity and mortality.
• Carnevale-Canun-Mendoza syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by loss of bone tissue in the wrists and ankles as well as kidney problems.
• Cartilaginous - arthritic - ophthalmic - deafness syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of eye, joint and cartilage disease as well as deafness.
• Castellani syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by fever, arthritis and enlarged kidney and liver. The fever may fluctuate or come and go. It is most often seen in middle aged males.
• Cat scratch disease: An infectious disease transmitted through a cat's bite, scratch or lick and resulting primarily in lymph node pain and swelling. The condition can be mild or severe.
• Celiac Disease: Digestive intolerance to gluten in the diet.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 1: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6p21.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 10: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q25-q26. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 11: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q28. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 12: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6q25.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 13: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect in the SH2B3 gene on chromosome 12q24. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 2: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 5q31-q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 3: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 4: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.1. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 5: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 15q11-q13. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 6: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 4q27. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 7: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 1q31. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 8: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q11-q12. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 9: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3p21. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Charcot joint: A degeneration of a stress bearing joint chronically and progressively
• Chemical allergy: A chemical allergy refers to an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients depending on the type and duration of the exposure and individual response.
• Chemical poisoning - Glaze: Glazes are used to put a shiny finish on various surfaces such as pottery. Glazes contain chemicals such as lead and zinc oxide which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are eaten. The chemicals cause damage to the gastrointestinal lining and the damage may continue for weeks after the poison was ingested. Death can result in severe cases. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Molybdenum: Molybdenum is a chemical used mainly in steel alloys lubricants. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Solder: Solder contains various chemicals and heavy metals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Vinyl Choride: Vinyl Choride is an intermediate chemical used in the manufacturing process of a variety of products: polyvinyl chloride, pipes, wire coverings, vehicle plastics, rubber, paper, furniture and glass. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Cherry laurel seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Wild cherry plants grow mainly in eastern Europe, Western Asia and Britain.
• Cherry seed poisoning: Cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually only occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Chickenpox: Common viral infection.
• Chikungunya: A rare viral disease usually transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by fever, rash and severe arthritis.
• Chokecherry seed poisoning: Chokecherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Chokecherry plants grow mainly in Northern America.
• Chondrocalcinosis: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where the chemical calcium pyrophosphate dihyrdate is deposited in one or more joints in the body - usually the knee is affected.
• Chondrocalcinosis 1: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive osteoarthritis which starts relatively early and is progressive. Joint damage is caused by deposits of crystals containing calcium.
• Chondrocalcinosis 2: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive osteoarthritis. Joint damage is caused by deposits of crystals containing calcium.
• Chondrocalcinosis familial articular: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by osteoarthritis which starts relatively early and is progressive. Joint damage is caused by deposits of crystals containing calcium.
• Chondrodysplasia punctata: An inherited skeletal abnormality where bone calcifications near joints and other disorders result in growth retardation, short limbs, cataracts and an abnormal nose shape. Also called chondrodystrophia calcificans congenital or congenital stippled epiphyses.
• Chondrodysplasia, type Nance-Sweeney: A very rare condition characterized mainly by bone malformations, hearing loss and facial anomalies.@
• Chondromalacia: Softening of cartilage.
• Chondrosarcoma: Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone, representing approximately 25% of all primary osseous neoplasms. Chondrosarcomas are a group of tumors with highly diverse features and behavior patterns, ranging from slow-growing non-metastasizing lesions to highly aggressive metastasizing sarcomas.
• Christian's syndrome 1: A rare recessively inherited syndrome characterized by premature skull fusion, cleft palate, permanently flexed fingers and various other anomalies.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1q4: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as facial dysmorphism, retarded fetal growth, seizures, mental retardation, testicular problems and kidney defects.
• Chromosome 12, Isochromosome 12p Mosaic: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q, trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 21 monosomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is only one copy of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two leading to various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 21 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22q deletion: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 22 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• Chromosome 3, monosomy 3p25: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation, short stature, deafness, extra digits, facial anomalies and various other abnormalities.
• Chromosome 3, monosomy 3q13: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by a range of abnormalities including facial anomalies, kidney dysfunction, large head, small penis and impaired joint mobility.
• Chromosome 6, monosomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 6q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 7, Monosomy 7p2: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is one copy of the end of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 7, terminal 7p deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is one copy of the end of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 8p inverted duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the inverted duplication of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in three copies of the genetic material instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the duplication.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9q: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material on the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is four copies of the short arm of chromosome 9 instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9q duplication: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material on the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia: A rare form of leukemia characterized by excessive levels of mature neutrophils.
• Chronic Pain Syndromes: Any of a variety of disorders that can cause chronic pain of different types.
• Chronic fatigue syndrome: A persistent debilitating fatigue of recent onset
• Chronic necrotizing vasculitis: Inflammation and destruction of blood vessel walls which leads to death of associated tissue. Symptoms are determined by the extent and location of the blood vessel inflammation. The inflammation possibly has autoimmune origins. It can occur in condition such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma.
• Chronic vitamin A toxicity: Chronic excessive ingestion of vitamin A can cause symptoms.
• Ciguatera poisoning: Rare toxic food poisoning from eating contaminated fish
• Coccidioidomycosis: An infectious fungal disease caused by inhaling the spores of a particular bacteria. Also called desert fever, desert rheumatism, San Joaquin fever and valley fever.
• Coconut crab poisoning: The coconut crab is commonly found and eaten as a delicacy in the Indo-Pacific region. These crabs can contain toxic chemicals which can cause severe poisoning in humans if eaten. The toxicity of these crabs is believed to be derived from the ingestion of certain toxic ocean plants. The best way to avoid poisoning is to not eat these crabs at all.
• Collagenous celiac disease: Collagenous celiac disease is used to describe progressive celiac disease characterized by the presence of a layer of collagen (scarring) in the intestinal layers. This form of celiac disease usually fails to respond to treatments such as gluten-free diets. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The condition usually fails to respond to treatment and has a poor prognosis.
• Colorado tick encephalitis: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Common Variable Immunodeficiency: An immunodeficiency disorder involving low blood gamma globulin levels which results in an increased susceptibility to infections. The condition may be inherited or can be caused by certain drugs (levamisole, hydantoin and carbamazepine).
• Complement component 2 deficiency: A rare disorder where a deficiency of a compound called complement component 2 impairs the bodies ability to fight infection and autoimmune disorders.
• Complex regional pain syndrome: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that affects individuals following some form of trauma or injury to one or more of the limbs. It manifests as a non-stop,extremely intense pain most commonly affecting one of the arms, hands, legs or feet. Typical symptoms of CPRS include changes in the colour and temperature of the skin over the affected limb.
• Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Muscle weakness and wasting that starts at birth or around the time of birth. The severity and extent of muscle involvement is greatly variable.
• Congenital SMA with arthrogryposis: Type of SMA (genetic motor neuron disease) appearing from birth
• Connective tissue disorders: Any condition affecting connective tissues.
• Connective tissue dysplasia, Spellacy type: A very rare syndrome caused by an inherited collagen disorder and characterized by skin abnormalities, skeletal and eye anomalies and joint problems.
• Conor's disease: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Cranio osteoarthropathy: A very rare syndrome characterized by large fontanelles, joint problems and finger clubbing.
• Craniosynostosis cleft lip palate arthrogryposis: A rare condition characterized mainly by the association of premature fusion of skull bones (craniosynostosis), cleft lip and/or palate and arthrogryposis.
• Crohn's disease: Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive system. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease. The disease can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ileum.
• Cryoglobulinemia: These are immune cells that precipitate in the cold and redissolve on warming.
• Cryptococcosis: A fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans which primarily affects the central nervous system and the lungs. People with weakened immune systems such as AIDS sufferers are generally more susceptible to this type of infection.
• Crystal deposit disease: A group of diseases characterized by the deposit of crystals in body tissues. Some examples of such disorders includes scleroderma, dermatomyositis, arthritis and kidney disease. The severity and type of symptoms depend on the nature and location of the crystals deposited.
• Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis: Inflammation and damage of the blood vessel walls that also affects the skin. The condition may occur on its own or as a result of an underlying condition.
• Cutis verticis gyrata mental deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures and eye and movement problems.
• Cyclic neutropenia: A rare blood disorder characterized by recurrent periods of extremely low blood levels of neutrophils which results in frequent infections. The low level usually occurs for about 7 days every 21 days. Levels of other blood components may also be affected.
• Cytomegalovirus: A easily transmissible viral infection that is common but generally causes no symptoms except in infants and people with weakened immune systems.
• Cytosine arabinose syndrome: Symptoms following the use of a chemotherapy drug called cytosine arabinose.
• Daish-Hardman-Lamont syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by loose joints, tall stature and buildup of fluid inside the skull.
• Davenport-Donlan syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, white hair, contractures and papillomas.
• De Hauwere Leroy Adriaenssens syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by widely spaced eyes, deafness and an abnormality of the iris of the eye.
• Decompression sickness: Condition from overly rapid decompression, especially when diving.
• Deletion 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Dendrolimiasis: A chronic illness caused by contact with certain poisonous caterpillar spines or urticating hairs.
• Dengue fever: An acute viral disease characterized by fever, rash and myalgia and caused by a flavivirus which is transmitted by mosquitoes.
• Depressive disorders: Depression or its various related conditions.
• Depressive symptoms: Inappropriate depressed mood.
• Dermato-cardio-skeletal syndrome Borrone type: A rare progressive syndrome characterized by skin, heart and skeletal abnormalities.
• Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
• Dermatoosteolysis, Kirghizian type: A rare condition characterized by a variety of abnormalities including missing teeth, recurring skin ulceration, eye problems and nail symptoms.
• Dermatostomatitis, Stevens Johnson type: A rare but serious condition involving inflammation and blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. It is believed to be an allergic reaction that can occur in response to some drugs or infectious diseases.
• Desbuquois dysplasia: A rare condition characterized by short-limbed dwarfism, characteristic facial features and skeletal abnormalities.
• Desbuquois dysplasia-like syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by various anomalies similar to Desbuquois syndrome but there is no mental retardation, hand abnormalities or facial anomalies involved.
• Desbuquois syndrome: A rare condition characterized by short-limbed dwarfism, characteristic facial features and skeletal abnormalities.
• Dialysis-related amyloidosis: Amyloidosis (protein deposits) from kidney dialysis treatment.
• Dieterich's disease: A rare disorder involving destruction of the head of the metacarpal bone due to an interrupted blood supply to the bone. The metacarpal bone is the hand bone that attaches to the finger bones. The disorder is often associated with trauma, steroid use or systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Diffuse systemic sclerosi: A rare condition that characterized by skin tightness affecting the trunk and extremities as well as organ involvement. It involves an early period of internal inflammation which distinguishes it from other forms of scleroderma and the organ involvement can be severe and even life-threatening.
• Diphtheria: Infectious bacterial respiratory disease
• Dislocation: Bone dislocated from a joint
• Down Syndrome: A chromosome syndrome causing physical effects and mental retardation.
• Down's syndrome associated Celiac Disease: Patients with Down's syndrome have a high degree of susceptibility to developing celiac disease. Up to 17% of Down's syndrome sufferers develop celiac disease but this rate varies amongst age groups and country of origin. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Dracunculiasis: An infectious disease caused by the nematode Dracunculus medinensis which is usually transmitted by drinking water contaminated by infected crustaceans.
• Dressler syndrome: A group of symptoms that can occur days, weeks or months after a heart attack or heart surgery. The symptoms may be due to such things as autoimmune processes, virus or bleeding around the heart which can result in inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart.
• Drug Allergies: Allergies to medications or other drugs.
• Duplication 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Dwarfism - stiff joint - ocular abnormalities: A very rare form of dwarfism characterized by short stature as well as stiff joints and eye abnormalities.
• Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen Syndrome: A rare genetic bone growth disorder characterized by short stature and other skeletal deformities.
• Dysostosis: Defective bone formation.
• Dysthymia: Chronic depression usually associated with elderly people suffering stress from a variety of causes.
• EDS X: A very rare collagen disorder which is characterized by loose joints and hyperextensible skin as well as a blood platelet anomaly which causes bleeding into the skin (petechiae).
• EDS10: A very rare collagen disorder which is characterized by loose joints and hyperextensible skin as well as a blood platelet anomaly which causes bleeding into the skin (petechiae).
• East African Trypanosomiasis: East African sleeping sickness from the tsetse fly
• Eccentrochondrodysplasia: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of certain enzymes needed to break it down.
• Ectopia lentis, isolated: A rare syndrome characterized by dislocation of eye lenses which often occurred at birth.
• Ehlers danlos syndrome: An inherited disorder of the connective tissue causing it to become weak and fragile. Connective tissue is found in skin, muscles, tendons and ligaments and hence all of these may be affected by weakness
• Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Dysfibronectinemic type: A very rare collagen disorder which is characterized by loose joints and hyperextensible skin as well as a blood platelet anomaly which causes bleeding into the skin (petechiae).
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: An inherited disorder of the connective tissue causing it to become weak and fragile. Connective tissue is found in skin, muscles, tendons and ligaments and hence all of these may be affected by weakness
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by tenascin-X deficiency: A rare genetic disorder which is similar to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and involves a deficiency of tenascin-X which affects connective tissue. The main symptoms are loose joints, partially dislocated joints and fragile, hyperextensible skin.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 3: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by lax joints, hyperextensible skin and mild connective tissue fragility - a mild form of the condition.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by lax joints, hyperextensible skin and mild connective tissue fragility - a mild form of the condition.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by lax joints, scoliosis and fragile sclera of the eye - Ehlers Danlos type with predominant ocular abnormalities.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, hyperextensible skin and joint dislocations.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type X: A very rare collagen disorder which is characterized by loose joints and hyperextensible skin as well as a blood platelet anomaly which causes bleeding into the skin (petechiae).
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with Platelet Dysfunction from Fibronectin Abnormality: A very rare collagen disorder which is characterized by loose joints and hyperextensible skin as well as a blood platelet anomaly which causes bleeding into the skin (petechiae).
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with periventricular heterotopia: The association of a brain malformation (periventricular nodular heterotopia) with a connective tissue disorder called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 6B: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by lax joints, scoliosis and fragile sclera of the eye - Ehlers Danlos type with predominant ocular abnormalities but lysyl-hydroxylase activity is normal1.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, VIIB: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hyperextensible and fragile skin and hypermobile joints which leads to dislocations, osteoarthritis and fractures. Type 7B is milder than type 7A and is caused by a defect on the COL1A2 gene.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, arthrochalasic type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hyperextensible and fragile skin and hypermobile joints which leads to dislocations, osteoarthritis and fractures - previously known as EDS types 7A and 7B.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, joint dislocations and skin hyperextensibility and fragility - a combination of ED types I and II.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by skin hyperextensibility hypermobile joints and fragile skin which loses its elasticity - previously known as EDS type 7C.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatospraxis type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by skin hyperextensibility hypermobile joints and fragile skin which loses its elasticity - previously known as EDS type 7C.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobile type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and smooth hyperextensible skin as well as joint pain and discolations.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, hyperextensible skin and - previously known as EDS type 3.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliosis type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder caused by deficiency of the lysyl hydroxylase enzyme and is characterized by progressive scoliosis and muscle weakness and fragile sclera - previously known as EDS type 6.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, tenascin-X deficiency: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, joint dislocations and skin hyperextensibility and fragility.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type 10: A very rare collagen disorder which is characterized by loose joints and hyperextensible skin as well as a blood platelet anomaly which causes bleeding into the skin (petechiae).
• Ehrlichiosis: Bacterial tick-borne disease
• Elbow Arthritis: Inflammation of the elbow joint. The inflammation can be the result of such things as degenerative joint disease, gout, infection, trauma and autoimmune conditions.
• Elbow Osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the elbow joint as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Eng Strom syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by short stature and episodes of locked finger joints.
• Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: A life-threatening condition caused by ingesting tryptophan.
• Eosinophilic synovitis: Inflammation of the lining of joints due to the presence of excessive eosinophils. Eosinophils can build up in parts of the body as a response to a variety of conditions such as allergy, parasitic infections and rheumatoid arthritis.
• Epiglotitis: Inflamation of the epiglottis in the throat
• Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple: Abnormalities in the ends of a number of bones resulting in the early onset of osteoarthrosis and joint pain. There are 6 different subtypes of the disease, with each caused by a mutation in a different gene.
• Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 1: Abnormalities in the ends of a number of bones resulting in the early onset of osteoarthrosis and joint pain. It is caused by a defect in the gene for COMP which is a cartilage protein.
• Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3: Abnormalities in the ends of a number of bones resulting in the early onset of osteoarthrosis and joint pain. The knees and ankles are usually the most affected joints. Mild weakness of muscles in the upper arms and legs was also sometimes present. It is believed to be caused by a defect in the COL9A3 gene.
• Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 4: An inherited bone and cartilage disorder which is usually mild enough to go undiagnosed.
• Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 5: Abnormalities in the ends of a number of bones resulting in the early onset of osteoarthrosis and joint pain. The hips and knees were the main joints involved. It is caused by defects in the gene for matrilin-3 (MATN3).
• Erysipelas: An infectious skin disease with symptoms such as redness, swelling, fever, large blisters and pain.
• Erythema multiforme: An allergic inflammatory skin disorder which has a variety of causes and results in skin and mucous membrane lesions that affect mainly the hands, forearms, feet, mouth nose and genitals.
• Erythema nodosum: Allergic skin condition usually on the legs
• Escharonodulaire: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Escobar syndrome, type B: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a pursed mouth, creased tongue, eye anomalies and a curved spine.
• Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: A rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of a mixture of various types of antibodies (crylglobulins) in the blood.
• Fabry's Disease: An inherited metabolic disorder where phospholipids are deposited mostly in the blood vessels as well as other tissues and organs. Symptoms include skin lesions, small red spots on the abdomen, thighs and scrotum, fever, peripheral edema, hypertension and renal failure. Also called angiokeratoma corporis diffusion, Anderson's syndrome, Anderson-Fabry disease, Morbus Anderson-Fabry, Ruiter-Pompen syndrome or Sweeley-Klionsky disease.
• Facial dysmorphism - intellectual deficit - short stature - hearing loss: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by retarded growth, mental retardation, bone abnormalities and distinctive facial features.
• Facial dysmorphism - shawl scrotum - joint laxity syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by loose joints, facial anomalies and a shawl scrotum.
• Facies unusual arthrogryposis advanced skeletal malformations: A very rare fatal malformation characterized by an unusual facial appearance, arthrogryposis, advanced bone age of the hips and abnormal X-rays of the skeleton.
• Factor 8 deficiency, congenital: A rare blood disorder where a deficiency of a blood coagulation protein called Factor VIII is partially or completely absent. The severity of the bleeding is variable depending on the level of deficiency.
• Factor V Quebec: An inherited bleeding disorder reported in Quebec, Canada.
• Factor V and factor VIII, combined deficiency of: A rare inherited blood disorder where a deficiency of Factor V and factor VIII results in bleeding problems. Factor V and factor VIII is involved in blood coagulation.
• Factor VII deficiency: A rare inherited blood disorder caused by a deficiency of a blood protein called Factor VII and resulting in poor blood coagulation. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Factor X deficiency: A rare blood clotting disorder which may be inherited or acquired in people suffering from conditions such as liver disease, amyloidosis, leprosy and certain cancers. The underlying cause is the deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The condition may cause mild to severe bleeding depending on the degree of deficiency of Factor X.
• Factor X deficiency - Friuli: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Fruili variant tends to only cause moderate bleeding problems and occurs mainly in an area of Italy called Fruili.
• Factor X deficiency - Kanazawa: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Kanazawa variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Ketchikan: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Ketchikan variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Nottingham: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Nottingham variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Padua: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Padau variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - San Antonio: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The San Antonia variant results in 14% of normal Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Santo Domingo: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Santo Domingo variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Shanghai: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Shangai variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - St. Louis II: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The St. Louis II variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Stockton: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Stockton variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Taunton: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Taunton variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Tokyo: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Tokyo variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Vorarlberg: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Vorarlberg variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Wenatchee I: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Wenatchee I variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - Wenatchee II: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The Wenatchee II variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Factor X deficiency - autosomal dominant: A rare inherited blood clotting disorder where there is a deficiency of a protein (Factor X) which is needed for the blood to clot properly. The autosomal dominant variant results in reduced Factor X blood clotting activity.
• Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS): An inherited inflammatory disorder which causes periods of fever, rash and pain in joints after being exposed to cold conditions. Symptoms last less than a day and start within hours of exposure to the cold.
• Familial Granulomatosis, Blau type: A rare chronic inflammatory condition characterized by arthritis, dermatitis and uveitis. The condition may have a similar presentation to a condition called early-onset sarcoidosis and genetic testing may be needed to distinguish the conditions.
• Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A genetic abnormality which causes patients to have abnormally high cholesterol levels (low-density lipoproteins). The condition usually leads to early cardiovascular disease.
• Familial Mediterranean fever: A rare inherited condition characterized by recurrent fever and inflammation. The inflammation usually involves the stomach, lungs or joints.
• Familial dysautonomia: An inherited biochemical disorder that primarily affects the autonomic and sensory nervous system.
• Familial hypopituitarism: Impaired pituitary gland hormone-producing activity that tends to run in families. The failure of the pituitary gland in turn affects other hormone-producing glands which rely on the hormones from the pituitary gland for their activity. Symptoms are determined by the degree and type of hormone deficiency involved.
• Familial, Systemic, Juvenile Granulomatosis: A rare chronic inflammatory condition characterized by arthritis, dermatitis and uveitis. The condition may have a similar presentation to a condition called early-onset sarcoidosis and genetic testing may be needed to distinguish the conditions.
• Farber's disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme called ceramidase resulting in the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals in the body which causes damage and inflammation.
• Felty syndrome: A rare complication of long-term rheumatoid arthritis which involves an enlarged spleen and blood abnormalities.
• Fetal alcohol syndrome: A condition which occurs in a new born fetus and is caused by the mother consuming excess alcohol during her pregnancy
• Fibronectin-Deficient EDS: A very rare collagen disorder which is characterized by loose joints and hyperextensible skin as well as a blood platelet anomaly which causes bleeding into the skin (petechiae).
• Filariasis: Parasitic worm infection of the lympatic system
• Finger osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the finger joints as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Finger symptoms: Symptoms affecting any fingers
• Flavivirus Infections: Infection with a virus from the Flaviviridae family of viruses. Infections by these pathogens include Dengue fever, Rocio encephalitis, West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis. Transmission usually occurs through the bite of a mosquito.
• Floating Harbor Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiency, typical facial appearance and speech delay.
• Flu-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to flu including fever
• Fluorosis: Excessive fluoride in the body
• Flynn-Aird syndrome: A rare inherited disorder where neurological degeneration causes symptoms such as dementia, ataxia, eye problems, skin disorders and muscle wasting.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - MSG: An intolerance to MSG is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to a food additive called MSG which is used in a number of foods. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the food additive. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - amines: An intolerance to amines is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to amines which are found naturally in foods such as bananas, pineapples, vegetables, red wine, citrus fruit and many other foods. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the substance. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - food additives: An intolerance to food additives is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to food additives. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the food additive. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - salicylate: An intolerance to salicylates is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to salicylates which is an ingredient in aspirin but is also found naturally in various fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the salicylate. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - sulfite: An intolerance to sulfites is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to sulfites which is often used as a preservative in a variety of foods and medications including meats, salads and dried fruits. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the sulfite. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Allergy - beef: A beef allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to beef. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - buckwheat: A buckwheat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to buckwheat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - chicken meat: A chicken meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to chicken meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - duck meat: A duck meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to duck meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - goose meat: A goose meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to goose meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - lamb: A lamb allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lamb meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - meat: A meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pork: A pork allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - red meat: A red meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to red meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food poisoning: Poisoning from a substance or microbe in food.
• Frontometaphyseal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, skeletal abnormalities, hearing problems and wasting of arm and leg muscles.
• GEMSS syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by stiff joints, short stature, glaucoma and a dislocated eye lens.
• GM1 gangliosidosis: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type 1 is a severe infantile form of the disorder and involves a greater degree of accumulation than type II or III.
• Gangliosidosis generalized GM1, type 1: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type 1 is a severe infantile form of the disorder and involves a greater degree of accumulation than type II or III.
• Gastroenteritis: An infection of the bowel
• Gaucher Disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme called glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of glycosylceramide (glucocerebroside). There are three forms of this disease: type 1, 2 and 3.
• Gaucher disease - perinatal lethal form: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of abnormally tight skin and Gaucher disease which is a lipid storage disease. This is the most severe form of Gaucher disease.
• Giardia: Contagious parasitic digestive infection
• Glanders: An infectious disease caused by a bacterium (Burkholderia mallei). It is usually a disease that affects horses and mules but can also infect other animals and humans. Human infection usually occurs in laboratory settings or in those with prolonged contact with infected animals. Symptoms are determined by whether infection occurs through the skin or via the lungs or blood stream. Bloodstream infections are the most severe and usually result in death within weeks.
• Gloomy syndrome: A rare genetic condition which is characterized by distinctive physical features and severe growth retardation that starts during the fetal stage. Intelligence is not affected.
• Glycogen Storage Disease Type I: An inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase prevents glycogen being turned into glucose leading to a buildup of glycogen in the liver and kidneys. Most problems tend to develop during adulthood.
• Goldblatt-Wallis syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and an abnormal
• Gonionemus poisoning: Gonionemus is a type of hydrozoan jellyfish which can deliver a venomous sting. The sting can cause various combinations of skin, respiratory and joint and pain symptoms. In mild cases, only the skin is affected. Stings most often occur in the Northern hemisphere - especially Japanese and Russian waters.
• Gonorrhea: Common sexually transmitted disease often without symptoms.
• Gout: Painful joints, most commonly the big toe.
• Gouty arthritis: An inflammatory joint condition caused by the accumulation of urate crystals
• Group A Streptococcal Infections: "Strep" bacteria responsible for strep throat, impetigo and some other strep conditions.
• Growth plate injuries: Injury to the growing ends of young bones.
• Guizar-Vasquez-Sanchez-Manzano syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by loose joints, chest deformity and unusual facial appearance.
• Haemorrhagic joint effusion: Occurs when there is a joint effusion that consists of frank blood
• Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by early tooth loss, relaxed joints, small stature and bone abnormalities.
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A progressive disease of the thyroid which leads to degeneration and hypothyroidism
• Heart symptoms: Symptoms affecting the heart
• Heberden's nodes: Small hard nodules that form at the interphalangeal joints due to osteoarthritis
• Hemangioma: A condition which is characterized by a benign tumour cause by newly formed blood vessels
• Hemochromatosis: Excess of iron leading to problems with joints, liver, heart and pancreas.
• Hemochromatosis type 1: A genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. Type 1 is the most common form of the disorder, has an adult onset and is inherited recessively.
• Hemochromatosis type 2: A rare genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. Type 2 is a more severe type, has a juvenile onset and is inherited recessively.
• Hemochromatosis type 3: A rare genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. Type 3 has an onset that is between type 1 and type 2 and is inherited recessively.
• Hemochromatosis type 4: A rare genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. Type 4 has an adult onset but is inherited dominantly.
• Hemochromatosis-related diabetes: A single-gene disease that causes iron accumulation in the tissues of the body. Diabetes is a primary complication if hemochromatosis goes untreated. Hemochromatosis is sometimes referred to as "bronze diabetes."
• Hemoglobin S/hemoglobin Lepore, Boston: A blood disorder that mainly causes hemolytic anemia with great variability of symptoms.
• Hemoglobin S/hemoglobin O, Arab: A genetic blood anomaly which causes severe hemolytic anemia, fever, pain, cramping and excessive bleeding.
• Hemoglobin SC: A genetic blood disorder where the patient inherits a gene for hemoglobin S from one parent and hemoglobin C from another. Severity of symptoms is variable.
• Hemophilia: Blood disease usually genetic causing failure to clot.
• Hemophilia B: A rare coagulation disorder caused by a deficiency of factor IX which results in bleeding problems.
• Hemophilic arthropathy: Joint destruction associated with hemophilia. The knees, ankles, elbows, hip and shoulders are the most common joints involved. Symptoms are progressive and often surgical intervention is required to prevent total loss of joint function.
• Hemophilus influenzae B: Bacterial respiratory infection with dangerous complications.
• Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome: A group of infectious diseases that involve bleeding, fever and kidney problems. Examples of viruses that can cause such infectious diseases include Hantan virus, Puumala virus and Seoul virus. Examples of diseases caused by viruses in this group includes epidemic nephritis, Hantaan fever and Songo fever. The virus is usually transmitted to human by rodents or biting insects such as mosquitos. The severity and range of symptoms is determined by the particular virus involved.
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura: A common and often recurrent form of purpura mostly occurring in children. The condition is marked arthritis and weals and rashes on the skin on legs and buttocks by capillary bleeding into the skin.
• Hepatitis: Any inflammation of the liver
• Hereditary Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. There are 4 types of hemochromatosis and they are distinguished by age of onset, genetic cause and type of inheritance. Some sufferers may be asymptomatic.
• Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 3: A very rare inherited disorder affecting the peripheral and autonomic nervous system and characterized by reduced tear production, excessive sweating, poor body temperature control, blood pressure problems, impaired sensation and poor muscle control.
• Herrmann Opitz arthrogryposis syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by contractures, skeletal abnormalities and short stature.
• Hip osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the hip joint as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Histoplasmosis: Lung infection from fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
• Homocystinuria: A rare inherited metabolic disorder involving the amino acid methionine and resulting in a harmful accumulation of homocysteine in the body.
• Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: A rare genetic biochemical disorder where a deficiency of cystathionine beta-synthase results in high levels of methionine and homocysteine in the blood and reduced levels of cyteine in the blood. There are two subtypes of the disorder with varying manifestations. One type responds to Vitmain B6 supplementation and the other doesn't. Those who do respond to Vitamin B6 tend to have milder manifestations.
• Human adjuvant disease: This is a connective tissue disease that affects some people after the injection of synthetic material for cosmetic surgery
• Human parvovirus B19 infection: An infectious disease caused by parovirus B19 which causes fifth disease and erythema infectiosum.
• Hunter-Carpenter-Macdonald syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by various abnormalities including small head, facial anomalies, mental retardation and hair, skin and nail anomalies. Fetal exposure to alcohol is believed to be a factor in the syndrome.
• Hurler syndrome:
• Hutchinson Gilford Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by alopecia and senile-like appearance.
• Hydrocephaly tall stature joint laxity: A very rare disorder characterized mainly by the association of excessive fluid in the skull (hydrocephaly), tall stature and loose joints. Various other anomalies may also be present.
• Hydrocephaly tall stature joint laxity and kyphoscoliosis: A very rare disorder characterized mainly by the association of excessive fluid in the skull (hydrocephaly), tall stature, loose joints and kyphoscoliosis. Various other anomalies may also be present.
• Hydroid poisoning: Hydroids are a type of jellyfish commonly found in the warmer oceans of the world.
• Hyperammonemia - hypoornithinemia - hypocitrullinemia - hypoargininemia - hypoprolinemia: A rare syndrome caused by an enzyme deficiency (Delta-1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase).
• Hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare condition where too many eosinophils are produced over an extended period of time for no apparent reason. The eosinophils can infiltrate various organs and tissues and cause dysfunction or damage
• Hyperimmunoglobinemia D with recurrent fever: A very rare disorder involving a high immunoglobulin level associated with periods of fever which generally reoccur every month or two.
• Hyperparathyroidism: Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands.
• Hyperprolactinemia: High levels of prolactin in the blood.
• Hypertryptophanemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of tryptophan in the blood.
• Hypoadrenalism: Reduced adrenal gland activity.
• Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis: A rare condition characterized by the presence of recurring urticarial vasculitis, arthralgia or arthritis and hypocomplementemia. Hypocomplementemia involves a reduction or absence of blood complement which is a part of the body's immune system which destroying invading bacteria or other pathogens.
• Hypopigmented lesions in children:
• Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare blood disorder where the bone marrow produces too many eosinophils over a long period of time which can cause organ or tissue damage. The disorder can affect and part of the body but most often affects the skin, heart and nervous system. The increased eosinophil production continues for a long period of time (at least 6 months) and there is no apparent cause.
• IgA nephropathy: A rare disorder where kidney inflammation leads to a build up of the antibody (IgA) in the kidney which results in the characteristic symptom of blood in the urine.
• Immune symptoms: Symptoms affecting the immune system
• Immunodeficiency due to interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 deficiency: Susceptibility to infection as a result of a genetic defect which affects immunity. Infections tend to be severe and can be life-threatening.
• Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis: A disease characterized by the abnormal deposit of amyloid in various parts of the body, especially organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract and peripheral nerves. It occurs when plasma cells in the bone marrow produce too much of a protein portion of an antibody called the light chain. The exact symptoms are determined by the extent of the organ involvement.
• India tick typhus: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Indian tick fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Infantile multisystem inflammatory disease: A rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritic changes, eye problems and chronic meningitis.
• Infection with Mycobacterium marinum: An infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium marinum which can infect fish and humans. It is often transmitted through contact with contaminated fresh or salt water e.g. handling water in aquariums or swimming.
• Infectious CFS: Infectious chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic fatigue condition which may follow severe infections - viral or other. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Infectious arthritis: A rare condition where arthritis occurs as a result of joint infection by a bacteria, virus or fungus. Symptoms vary according to the infection type.
• Inflammatory joint effusion: Occurs when there is a joint effusion with a high WBC count and high polymorphic neutrophil percentage in the fluid
• Insect allergy: An allergic response to a wasp sting.
• Interstitial lung disease: Any condition which affects the interstitium of the lungs
• Invasive candidiasis: Severe fungal infection usually in immunocompromised persons
• Iris dysplasia hypertelorism deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by widely spaced eyes, deafness and an abnormality of the iris of the eye.
• Iris dysplasia with ocular hypertelorism, psychomotor retardation and sensorineural deafness: A rare syndrome characterized by wide-set eyes, psychomotor retardation, deafness and an eye abnormality.
• Irritable bowel syndrome: A chronic non inflammatory disease with a psychophysiologic basis
• Israeli spotted fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Jacobs syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart inflammation (pericardium), joint disease and permanent finger flexion. The number of joints affected is variable.
• Jaffe-Lichtenstein-Sutro syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by pain and limited movement in one or more large joints such as the knee.
• Jaffer-Beighton syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by loose joints, slipped vertebrae and long, thin fingers.
• Jequier-Kozlowski-skeletal dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by various skeletal abnormalities and facial anomalies.
• Johnston Aarons Schelley syndrome: A very rare lethal syndrome characterized mainly by contractures and thickened skin.
• Joint disease: Any condition that affects ones joints
• Joint hypermobility: Increased movement of the joints with a predisposition to being dislocated.
• Joint injury: An injury to any joint in the body. The larger limb joints tend to be the most utilized and are hence more prone to injuries. Severity of symptoms varies depending on the type and location of injury and often the primary symptom is pain. A joint injury can involve damage to the bones, ligaments or other tissues of the joint. The injury may be acute (e.g. trauma) or chronic (e.g. overuse).
• Joint laxity: Slackness or looseness of the joints
• Joint laxity, familial: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by loose joints. Joint dislocations tend to occur mainly in the shoulders, hips and kneecap.
• Joint pain: Pain affecting the joints
• Joint redness: The appearance of redness located over a joint
• Joint swelling: One or more swollen joints
• Joint symptoms: Symptoms affecting the joints.
• Joint tenderness: Diverse processes that affect the joint, including inflammation, cartilage degeneration, crystal deposition, infection, and trauma, can be a cause of the pain.
• Jorgenson-Lenz syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic arthritis affecting children and teens
• Juvenile Scleroderma: Scleroderma that occurs in children. Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that can affect the skin, blood vessels, the immune system and sometimes even the organs may be involved. The disorder may be localized or affect large areas of the body.
• Juvenile gout: Gout that occurs in children as a result of kidney disease caused by a genetic defect.
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A group of chronic inflammatory joint disorders that affects children. The condition generally involves periods of time where the condition is active followed by periods of abatement of symptoms. In some cases, the condition can be systemic and can cause symptoms such as fever and rash with organ involvement. There are three main types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis - oligoarticular, polyarticular and systemic (Still's disease).
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, unclassified: A chronic inflammatory joint condition affecting children. This particular subtype is defined as unclassified as it doesn't fit into any of the other classifications.
• Kaler-Garrity-Stern syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by osteopenia, mental retardation and sparse hair.
• Kashin-Bek disease: A type of osteoarthritis occurring mostly in children in China, Korea and Siberia and possibly caused by eating wheat infected with a particular fungus.
• Kawasaki disease: A childhood illness that generally affects the skin, mouth and lymph nodes.
• Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the formation of stones in the urinary tract, early-onset gout and mild neurological symptoms. It is caused by a partial deficiency of hypoxanyhine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase.
• Kenya fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Kenya tick typhus: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Kenya tick-bite fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Kleeblattschaedel syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a head the is somewhat cloverleaf shaped.
• Knee osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the knee joint as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Kniest dysplasia: A rare genetic bone growth disorder characterized by dwarfism, enlarged joints and facial deformities.
• Koussef nichols syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle problems, a high body temperature and various other physical abnormalities.
• Kousseff-Nichols syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle problems, a high body temperature and various other physical abnormalities.
• Kuru: An infectious prion disease that is only found in New Guinea
• Large granular lymphocyte leukemia: A form of leukemia characterized by an increased number of circulating granular lymphocytes.
• Larsen syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple joint dislocation, a flat face and short fingernails.
• Lateral meningocele syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by lateral meningoceles (openings in the spinal cord on the inside of the spine) as well as craniofacial anomalies. The syndrome is believed to involve the abnormal development of the spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
• Lead poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to lead.
• Leri Pleonosteosis: A ver rare inherited disorder involving skeletal malformations, short stature and flat facial features.
• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: Inherited biochemical disorder of purine metabolism caused by the virtual absence of an enzyme called hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or HPRT.
• Leukemia: Cancer of the blood cells, usually white blood cells.
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells: L1 is characterized by small, uniform cancer cells with a round nucleus and very little cytoplasm. L1 has a better prognosis than L2. L1 is the main form in children (about 85%) but is less common in adults (about 30%).
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells: L2 is characterized by larger cells, an irregular-shaped nucleus, more cytoplasm and significant variation between cells. L2 has a poorer prognosis than L1. L2 is the main form in adults (about 65%) but is less common in children (about 15%).
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L3: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells. L3 is quite uncommon but is very similar to Burkitt's lymphoma - in fact, they may be considered the same disease with different manifestations.
• Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute: A cancer of the blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow involving the proliferation of a type of infection-fighting white blood cell called a monocyte. Acute leukemia involves a more rapid proliferation of cancer cells compared to chronic forms of leukemia.
• Leukemia, Myeloid: A form of blood cancer that causes a proliferation of the precursors or immature red blood cells, platelets and certain white blood cells such as granulocytes and monocytes.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Negative: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. The Philadelphia negative form of the condition is not associated with a genetic mutation. It is distinguished from the positive form by the clinical course which is initially the same but progresses to eventual bone marrow failure without a distinct increase in blast cells. Other differences include poor response to chemotherapy, lower white blood cell counts, greater monocytosis, less basophilia, lower bone marrow myeloid to erythroid ratio and increased likelihood of developing thrombocytopenia. Philadelphia negative patients also tend to be older and median survival rates tend to be poorer.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. The Philadelphia form of myeloid leukemia carries the poorest prognosis of all the different types. It involves an acquired genetic mutation which results in the production tyrosine kinase which causes too many white blood cells to be produced which results in a shortage of other blood cell types. Treatment is aimed at inhibiting the production of tyrosine kinase.
• Leukemia, T-Cell: A form of blood cancer characterized by the proliferation of cancerous T-cells which make up part of the body's immune system. The exact symptoms and progression vary depending on the subtype involved.
• Leukemia, T-Cell, Acute: A form of blood cancer characterized by the proliferation of cancerous T-cells which make up part of the body's immune system. The exact symptoms and progression vary depending on the subtype involved. The acute form involves a rapid proliferation of cancerous T-cells and hence a more rapid disease progression and increased severity of symptoms.
• Leukocytoclastic angiitis - systemic: Inflammation of small blood vessels. Usually the small blood vessels in the ski are involved but sometimes small blood vessels in other organs such as joints, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract may be involved. Symptoms become more serious once there is systemic (organ) involvement and death may result in some severe cases.
• Leukoencephalopathy, arthritis, colitis and hypogammaglobulinemia: A rare syndrome characterized by brain disease, arthritis, colitis and immune system problems.
• Leukoencephalopathy, arthritis, colitis, and hypogammaglobulinema: A rare condition characterized by the association of arthritis, colitis, low blood gammaglobulin levels and brain anomalies.
• Lissencephaly - immunodeficiency: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development and a poor immune system.
• Lissencephaly type III - metacarpal bone dysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized by an abnormally smooth brain as well as abnormal bone development in the hands.
• Liver symptoms: Symptoms affecting the liver
• Local anaesthetic allergy: Using Local anaesthetic can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Lockwood-Feingold syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by arthritis, skeletal abnormalities and a lack of subcutaneous fat.
• Loewenthal syndrome: A rare disorder involving thickening and hardening (sclerosis of connective tissue and skin fat) which affects muscles and movement.
• Loeys-Dietz syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a bulge in the aorta (aneurysm), wide set eyes, cleft palate, divided uvula and twisted arteries.
• Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome: A rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized primarily by eye and bone abnormalities, mental retardation and kidney problems.
• Lujan-Fryns syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and marfanoid habitus (features of Marfan's syndrome).
• Lumbar malsegmentation - short stature: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature and abnormal segmentation of the vertebrae in the abdominal segment of the spine.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Lyme disease: Lyme disease is an emerging infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia.
• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: Rodent-borne viral disease often causing meningitis or encephalitis
• Lymphogranuloma venereum: Type of chlamydia (sexually transmitted disease)
• Lymphoma: Any neoplastic disorder that occurs in lymphoid tissue
• Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A rare, progressive blood vessel disease where nodular lesions destroy blood vessels - lungs, skin and nervous system are mainly involved.
• Lymphomatous thyroiditis: Progressive thyroid gland enlargement due to autoimmune disease.
• MASS syndrome: A genetic syndrome that is similar the Marfan syndrome but does not involve lens dislocation. It is a connective tissue disorder that involves the skeleton, skin, aorta and mitral valve.
• Mac Duffie's syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by immune system problems where immune system particles are deposited on amall blood vessel walls
• Macleod-Fraser syndrome: An inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by long thin fingers and contractures involving the knees, elbows, fingers and sometimes other joints.
• Macroepiphyseal dysplasia with osteoporosis, wrinkled skin, and aged appearance: A rare disorder characterized by osteoporosis, wrinkled skin, aged appearance and abnormal bone development.
• Macrophagic myofasciitis: A rare form inflammatory muscle disease which is more predominant in adults. A possible cause is believed to be aluminium found in some vaccines.
• Mandibuloacral dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a prematurely aged appearance and bone abnormalities. There are two subtypes with type B involving loss of fat layers under the skin mainly in the extremities, face and trunk whereas type A involves mainly the extremities. The severity of the symptoms is variable.
• Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type A lipodystrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a prematurely aged appearance and bone abnormalities. Loss of fat layers under the skin occurs mainly in the extremities in type B. The severity of the symptoms is variable.
• Mansonella ozzardi infection: Infection with a type of nematode (Mansonella ozzardi) found in Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Infection occurs through the bit of infected midges and blackflies.
• Mansonelliasis: Infection with a nematode (worm-like parasite) called Mansonella. Transmission usually occurs through the bite of a midge.
• Marfan Syndrome type 2: A very rare syndrome characterized by some of the skeletal and heart blood vessel abnormalities seen in Marfan syndrome but there are no eye abnormalities. The genetic cause of the two types is different.
• Marfan syndrome: A genetic connective tissue disorder involving a defect of chromosome 15q21.1 which affects the production of the fibrillin needed to make connective tissue.
• Marfan's syndrome: A genetic connective tissue disorder involving a defect of chromosome 15q21.1 which affects the production of the fibrillin needed to make connective tissue.
• Marfan-Like syndrome: Any congenital condition with a group of symptoms that resembles Marfan syndrome but doesn't quite fulfill all the criteria. Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that affects the skeleton, lungs, eyes, heart and blood vessels.
• Marfan-like syndrome, Boileau type: A rare disorder that is similar to Marfan syndrome but tends to only involve skeletal and cardiovascular symptoms and signs.
• Marfanoid hypermobility: An inherited connective tissue disorder with certain characteristics of Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is characterized by hyperextensible skin and loose joints and Marfan syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as tall, slender build, ear anomalies and hand contractures.
• Marie-Bamberg syndrome: A rare condition characterized by clubbing of fingers and toes, excessive sweating and development of fibrous tissue around the ends of bones. The condition is a form of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy that occurs secondary to other conditions such as cardiopulmonary disease and certain cancers.
• Marseilles fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Matsoukas syndrome: An extremely rare condition characterized by mental retardation, eye problems, facial anomalies and joint problems.
• Mayaro fever: Infection with a type of virus (Mayaro virus) transmitted by mosquito bites. The disease is most common in South America. The incubation period is one to two weeks.
• McCune-Albright Syndrome: A rare genetic multisystem disorder characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation and endocrine gland dysfunction and replacement of parts of bone tissue with fibrous material.
• Measles: Once common viral infection now rare due to vaccination.
• Megarbane syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by short stature, loose joints, hernias, facial abnormalities and severe psychomotor retardation.
• Melioidosis: Bacterial infection from soil or water.
• Melorheostosis: A rare bone disorder involving overgrowth of the outer layer of bone in a linear pattern similar to wax dripping down the side of a candle. Usually one or more bones of a limb are affected.
• Meningococcal infection: A rare infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Neisseria meningitides.
• Meningococcemia: A rare infectious disease whose main symptoms are upper respiratory tract infection, fever, rash and eye and ear problems.
• Mental mixed retardation - deafness - clubbed digits: A rare disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, deafness and clubbed fingers.
• Mental mixed retardation deafnes clubbed digits: A rare disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, deafness and clubbed fingers.
• Mental retardation - arachnodactyly - hypotonia - telangiectasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short fingers, reduced muscle tone and spider veins (telangiectasia).
• Mental retardation - short stature - deafness - genital: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature, deafness and genital abnormalities.
• Mental retardation - short stature - heart and skeletal anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature and heart and skeletal anomalies.
• Mephenytoin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Mephenytoin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Metal Fume Fever - Aluminium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of aluminium oxide fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Antimony: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of antimony fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Cadmium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of cadmium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Chromium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of chromium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Copper: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of copper fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Iron: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of iron fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Magnesium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of magnesium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Manganese: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of manganese fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Nickel: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of nickel fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Selenium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of selenium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Silver: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of silver fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Tin: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of tin fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Zinc: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of zinc fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal fume fever: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of iron oxide fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, recessive type: A recessively inherited skeletal disorder characterized by abnormal development of the bone metaphyses which results in short stature from birth.
• Metatrophic dysplasia: A very rare form of dwarfism involving short limbs and a long trunk. Less than 100 cases of the condition have been reported.
• Microphthalmia syndromic, type 5: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by small eyes and various other abnormalities. The symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Microscopic Polyangiitis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation of microscopic blood or lymph vessels
• Migratory arthritis: An arthritis that appears to migrate from one joint to the next.
• Mild arthritis symptoms: The occurrence of arthritis symptoms but only of a mild form
• Minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia: A rare congenital muscle disorder involving muscle weakness and wasting. The term minicore comes from the small core structures that occur in the muscle tissue. There are four subgroups of the disorder: classic form (rigid spine syndrome), progressive form with hand involvement, antenatal form with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital and the ophthalmoplegic form. The ophthalmoplegic form is distinguished by the presence of eye muscle weakness. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• Mixed connective tissue disease: A rare disorder of the connective tissue which affects a range of body tissues and organs.
• Mononucleosis: Common infectious virus.
• Morgellons Disease: A rare disorder involving a variety of skin symptoms such as unusual sensations, skin lesions and the presence of fiber-like particles in or on the skin. There is still dissension over whether this is an actual disorder or whether it is a psychotic disorder or a skin disorder. Further research is being planned.
• Morphine allergy: Taking morphine (a painkiller) can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Morquio syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (galactosamine-?-sulfate - type A, ? galactosidase - type B) needed to break it down. The symptoms are variable with type A and B being clinically indistinguishable.
• Morquio syndrome type A: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (galactosamine-?-sulfate) needed to break it down.
• Morquio syndrome, type B: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (? galactosidase) needed to break it down.
• Mountain fever: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Mountain tick fever: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Mucha-Habermann syndrome: A rare skin disorder characterized by recurring skin lumps, blisters and bleeding under the skin.
• Mucolipidosis III: A rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme leads to the buildup of mucopolysaccharides and mucolipids in the body which is harmful to the body and leads to premature death.
• Mucolipidosis type 3 A: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the progressive accumulation of certain chemicals (glycoproteins and glycolipids) in body tissues due to deficiency of an enzyme (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-I-phosphotransferase) needed to process it.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis 1: A rare inherited condition caused by the absence of certain lysosomal enzymes which are needed to break down mucopolysaccharides. Without these enzymes, mucopolysaccharides build up in various body organs and tissues which causes harmful effects. There are three subtypes of the condition: Hurler, Scheie and Hurler-Scheie with Hurler being the most severe and Scheie the mildest.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis II: Disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism in juveniles.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- mild form: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (iduronidate 2-sulfatase) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- severe form: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (iduronidate 2-sulfatase) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 6: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (Arylsulfatase ?) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (?-L-diuronidase) needed to break it down. There are three main sub-types of the disorder: Hurler - severe form, Scheie - mild form and Hurler/Scheie form which is intermediate.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler/Scheie syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (?-L-diuronidase) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Scheie syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (?-L-iduronidase) needed to break it down.
• Multicentric osteolysis - nodulosis - arthropathy: A rare syndrome characterized by joint disease, loss of bone mineral density and nodulosis.
• Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: A rare condition characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes (immune cells) which causes destructive arthritis and skin nodules.
• Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature and limb, joint and hip abnormalities which become evident from two to 10 years.
• Multiple myeloma: A rare malignant cancer that occurs in the bone marrow. More common in skull, spine, rib cage, pelvis and legs.
• Mumps: An acute viral disease that causes the salivary glands to become swollen, sore and inflamed. Immunization had greatly reduced the incidence of this disease.
• Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome: Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome tends to be dominated by musculoskeletal symptoms.
• Mycetoma: A severe fungal infection of the skin, underlying tissue and bone.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Bacterial respiratory infection
• Myhre Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by retarded growth, mental retardation, bone abnormalities and distinctive facial features.
• Myhre-Ruvalcaba-Graham syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, retarded growth before and after birth, early-onset deafness and facial anomalies as well as other problems.
• Myositis ossificans: A very rare progressive disorder involving calcification of muscles, tendons and ligaments.
• Möller-Barlow disease: Vitamin C deficiency in infants.
• NOMID syndrome: A rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritic changes, eye problems and chronic meningitis.
• Nail-Patella Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by small or absent kneecap and ridged and/or absent nails as well as other abnormalities
• Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome: A rare disorder involving muscle degeneration, loss of skin fat and impaired immune functioning.
• Negative rheumatoid factor polyarthritis: A form of rheumatoid arthritis which doesn't involves the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood. More than one joint is involved.
• Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy: A rare disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin as well as other symptoms. The course of the disease may be mild or aggressive and occurs in patients with underlying disorders kidney disease.
• Neuroblastoma: neuroblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of infants and children that develops from nerve tissue
• Neurological chronic fatigue syndrome: Neurological chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic fatigue condition which tends to be dominated by neurological symptoms. Symptoms tend to be more severe than other forms of CFS. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type IV: A rare disorder characterized mainly by insensitivity to pain and inability to sweat.
• Nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by joint disease, loss of bone mineral density and nodulosis.
• Non inflammatory joint effusion: Occurs when there is a joint effusion with a low WBC count and low polymorphic neutrophil percentage in the fluid
• Non-Food Allergy - Amylcinnamic alcohol: An amylcinnamic alcohol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called amylcinnamic alcohol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Anisyl alcohol: An Anisyl alcohol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called Anisyl alcohol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Benzyl alcohol: A benzyl alcohol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called benzyl alcohol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Benzyl salicylate: A benzyl salicylate allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called benzyl salicylate which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Cinnamic alcohol: A cinnamic alcohol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called cinnamic alcohol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Cinnamic alcohol has a hyacinth odor and is often used as a fragrance in perfumes, cosmetics, detergents, chewing gums, oral hygiene products and drinks such a cola and bitters. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Cinnamic aldehyde: A cinnamic aldehyde allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called cinnamic aldehyde which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Cinnamic aldehyde has a hyacinth odor and is often used as a fragrance in perfumes, cosmetics, detergents, chewing gums, oral hygiene products and drinks such a cola and bitters. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Coumarin: A coumarin allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called coumarin which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Eugenol: A eugenol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called eugenol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Eugenol has a spicy clove odor, is derived from cloves and cinnamon and is often used in perfumes, cosmetics, hair products, oral cleansing products and various creams and lotions. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Geraniol: A geraniol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called geraniol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Geraniol has a sweet floral, rose smell and is commonly used in perfumes, cosmetics and skin care products. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Hydroxycitronellal: A Hydroxycitronellal allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called Hydroxycitronellal which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Hydroxycitronellal has a sweet, floral odor and is often used in perfumes, soaps, cosmetics, aftershaves, eye creams, insecticides and antiseptics. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Isoeugenol: A isoeugenol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called isoeugenol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Isoeugenol is derived from nutmeg and ylang ylang oil. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Musk ambrette: A musk ambrette allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called musk ambrette which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Oak moss absolute: A oak moss absolute allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called oak moss absolute which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Oak moss absolute has an earthy, woody scent and is often used as a fragrance in men's products. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Sandalwood oil: A sandalwood oil allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called sandalwood oil which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Wood tar: A wood tar allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called wood tar which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - perfume: A perfume allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Specific Urethritis: Urethral infection usually sexually transmitted
• Nonkeratan-sulfate-excreting Morquio syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of certain enzymes needed to break it down. This disorder is distinguished form other similar conditions by the fact that no keratosulfate is excreted in the urine.
• Novacaine drug allergy: Taking Novacaine (local anesthetic often used in dentistry) can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Numbness: Loss of feeling or sensation
• OI, Type I: A genetic condition characterized mainly by fragile bones that fracture easily and blue sclerae. The fractures tend start during early childhood (when walking starts) and becomes worse after menopause or in old age. Fractures tend to heal normally. Type I is the mildest form of osteogenesis imperfecta and results from a reduced amount of normal collagen in the body. Other forms of osteogenesis imperfect tend to involve the presence of abnormal collagen.
• OSMED, Homozygous: A very rare condition characterized mainly by bone malformations, hearing loss and facial anomalies.@
• Oculo cerebro acral syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, brain, ear and limb abnormalities.
• Oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome, type Preus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, brain and pigmentation abnormalities.
• Oligodontia, keratitis, skin ulceration and arthroosteolysis: A rare condition characterized by a variety of abnormalities including missing teeth, recurring skin ulceration, eye problems and nail symptoms.
• Opioid withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when opioid use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Opioids includes heroin, methadone and codeine.
• Opisthorchiasis: Infection with a type of fluke (Southeast Asian liver fluke or cat liver fluke). Infection usually occurs by consuming infected undercooked fish. Acute infection may cause fever, joint pain, rash, eosinophilia and lymphadenopathy where as chronic infections may cause enlarged liver, malnutrition. Mild cases can cause constipation, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Occasionally, the infection may be asymptomatic and in the other extreme, severe cases may result in complications such as cholangiocarcinoma.
• Opthalmo acromelic syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by missing eyes and limb anomalies.
• Optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic: Impaired vision due to optic nerve damage caused by problems with the blood supply to the nerve. The non-arteritic form is caused by and interrupted blood supply to the optic disk. Usually one eye is affected first and maybe eventually be followed by the other. Often only part of the visual field is affected.
• Orthopedic disorders: Various types of physical disorders and deformity
• Osteitis: Inflammation of bone.
• Osteoarthritis: A form of degenerative arthritis due to chronic degeneration
• Osteochondritis Dissecans: A rare condition caused by an interruption of the blood supply to section of bone in a joint which can result in a piece of bone breaking off and causing pain. The knee is most often affected but it can occur in ankles and elbows.
• Osteochondrodysplatic dwarfism - deafness - retinitis pigmentosa: A rare syndrome characterized by extreme dwarfism, deafness, progressive scoliosis and retinal pigment anomalies.
• Osteochondrosis: A disease that is affects the growth ossification centres in children
• Osteogenesis imperfecta: Weak bones ("brittle bone disease") and loose joints
• Osteogenesis imperfecta Type I: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile bones, blue sclerae and hyperextensible joints.
• Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 1A: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile bones and hyperextensible joints - a type of osteogenesis imperfecta I where the teeth are opalescent and blue sclerae may be absent.
• Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 1B: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile bones and hyperextensible joints - a milder form of osteogenesis imperfecta I where the teeth are normal and blue sclerae may be absent.
• Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 4: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile bones and blue sclerae - a form of OI involving moderate osteoporosis and no joint hyperextensibility.
• Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 6: A rare form of the genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile bones and light-colored eyes. There are a number of types of osteogenesis imperfecta and type 6 is considered a moderate to severe form.
• Osteomyelitis: An infection that occurs in bone
• Osteoporosis: Bone mass loss (osteoporosis) as a symptom
• Oto-spondylo-megaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal recessive: A very rare condition characterized mainly by bone malformations, hearing loss and facial anomalies.@
• Oto-spondylo-megaepiphyseal dysplasia, homozygous: A very rare condition characterized mainly by bone malformations, hearing loss and facial anomalies.@
• Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder where abnormal bone growth causes hearing loss, skeletal abnormalities and characteristic facial features.
• Overgrowth radial ray defect arthrogryposis: A rare condition characterized mainly by the association of arthrogryposis, excessive growth and arm and hand defects.
• OxyContin withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when OxyContin use is discontinued or reduced. OxyContin is a pain reliever but is also used as a recreation drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Paget's disease of bone: A chronic, slowly progressing bone disorder where the bone is destroyed rapidly and replaced by abnormal bone which is dense and fragile.
• Paget's disease, type 1: A chronic, slowly progressing bone disorder where the bone is destroyed rapidly and replaced by abnormal bone which is dense and fragile. Type 1 is caused by a mutation on chromosome 6p21.3.
• Paget's disease, type 4: A rare disorder involving pigmentation and vascular abnormalities. The lesions usually involve large areas of the body and the pigmentation color can include pink, bluish and brown.
• Palindromic rheumatism: A rare disorder involving periodic inflammation in and around joints. Eventually, rheumatoid arthritis may develop if the condition persists.
• Pallister Killian Mosaic Syndrome: Pallister Killian Mosaic Syndrome is a very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Pallister Mosaic Syndrome Tetrasomy 12p: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Paratyphoid fever: A condition which is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Paratyphi
• Pauciarticular chronic arthritis: A rare condition characterized by chronic arthritis that occurs in several joints.
• Peach seed poisoning: Peach seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Most parts of the peach plant contain the toxic chemical with the highest concentration in young leaves.
• Pelvic dysplasia arthrogryposis of lower limbs: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by pelvic anomalies and joint contractures involving the legs.
• Penicillamine, D - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Penicillamine, D during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Penicillin allergy: Taking penicillin (a type of antibiotic) can cause an allergic response in some people. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs. Penicillin allergy is one of the more common types of drug allergies.
• Peptidic growth factors deficiency: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by diabetes, skin abnormalities, small jaw and muscle contractures.
• Perinatal-lethal Gaucher disease: A disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called glucocerebrosidase. The foetal form is one of several forms of Gaucher disease and is the rarest. The fetal form causes death before birth or soon after.
• Periodic paralysis, potassium-sensitive, cardiodysrythmic type: A rare disorder where a genetic mutation causes periods of muscle weakness, heart rhythm abnormalities and various physical development abnormalities. It is believed to be caused by problems with the way the body utilizes potassium. Periodic paralysis may start as early as infancy or during the second decade and is triggered by exercise, stress or prolonged periods of rest.
• Pes planus: A collapse of the arch of the foot, leading to a flattening of the feet.
• Pfeiffer syndrome Type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature joining of certain skull bones during development which has an impact on the shape of the head and face. Features include craniofacial and cardiovascular malformations with death often occurring early.
• Pfeiffer syndrome Type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature joining of certain skull bones during development which has an impact on the shape of the head and face. Features include craniofacial abnormalities, cardiovascular malformations and early death is common.
• Pfeiffer-Weber-Christian syndrome: A rare skin disorder characterized by recurring inflammation of the fatty layer of the skin and the development of nodules which can vary in size from 1 to 2 cm. The face and hands are not usually affected and the legs and feet tend to be the most commonly affected. The condition tends to reoccur within weeks or months.
• Pfiesteria piscicida poisoning: Pfiesteria piscicida is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pfiesteria poisoning: Pfiesteria is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pfiesteria shumwayae poisoning: Pfiesteria shumwayae is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Phenytoin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Phenytoin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Phocomelia - contractures - absent thumb: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by absent thumbs, contractures and missing arm and leg bones.
• Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity: A rare X-linked metabolic disorder caused by the excessive activity of a particular enzyme (Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase). The main manifestations are increased production of uric acid and purine nucleotide.
• Pituitary cancer, childhood: Cancer (malignant) of the pituitary gland in children. The pituitary gland produces various hormones and some pituitary tumors (functioning tumors) can affect the secretion of one or more of these hormones resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the exact location of the tumor. Some pituitary tumors do not affect hormone production (nonfunctioning tumors).
• Pituitary tumors, adult: A benign or cancer tumor that develops in the tissue of the pituitary gland in adults. The pituitary gland produces various hormones and some pituitary tumors (functioning tumors) can affect the secretion of one or more of these hormones resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the exact location of the tumor. Some pituitary tumors do not affect hormone production (nonfunctioning tumors).
• Pneumococcus: Bacteria causing ear infections, pneumococcal pneumonia, and pneumococcal meningitis.
• Pneumonia, Aspiration: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by breathing in liquids and solids (usually the stomach contents).
• Pneumonia, Bacterial: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by bacteria.
• Pneumonia, Staphylococcal: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by the Staphylococcal bacteria. The condition is not common and often occurs as a complication of influenza or other viral respiratory infections. This form of pneumonia is considered serious and up to a third of cases can result in death.
• Pneumonia, Viral: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by a virus.
• Podder-Tolmie syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by athtrogryposis, underdeveloped thumbs and meningoencephalocele.
• Poliomyelitis: Dangerous virus now rare due to vaccination.
• Polyarteritis nodosa: A serious blood vessel disease where small and medium-sized arteries become swollen and damaged and are unable to adequately supply oxygenated blood to various tissues in the body. The disease can occur in a mild form or a serious, rapidly fatal form.
• Polyarthritis, rheumatic factor-negative: A form of rheumatoid arthritis which doesn't involves the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood. More than one joint is involved.
• Polyarthritis, systemic: A chronic inflammatory disease (usually autoimmune) that causes inflammation in multiple parts of the body and causes arthritis in five or more joints.
• Polychondritis: A serious, progressive, episodic condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage in the body. The duration and severity of the episodes can vary.
• Polymer Fume Fever: Polymer fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of fumes which can occur when Polytetrafluoroethylene (commercially known as Fluon, Teflon and Halon) is heated to high temperatures. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the polymer industry.
• Polymyalgia rheumatica: A condition characterized by muscle pain and stiffness, fatigue and fever. It is often associated with giant-cell arteritis which is a related but more serious condition.
• Positive rheumatoid factor polyarthritis: A form of rheumatoid arthritis which involves the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood. More than one joint is involved.
• Post-ADD chronic fatigue syndrome: Post- ADD chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which occurs in young adults who have suffered attention deficit disorder during childhood. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Post-infectious reactive arthropathy: Joint disease that occurs up to a month following an infection in some other part of the body.
• Post-polio syndrome: A condition where patients who have a history of polio have a reoccurrence of muscle symptoms. The condition usually occurs at least ten years after partial or complete recovery from polio.
• Post-viral CFS: Post-viral chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic fatigue condition which may follow severe viral infections. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Postpericardiotomy syndrome: A complication that can occur after open-heart surgery. Symptoms can occur from days to weeks after the surgery. The condition is possibly caused by an autoimmune process triggered by a virus.
• Powell-Chandra-Saal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by webbed joints and heart, vertebral, ear and radial defects.
• Pregnancy symptoms: Symptoms related to pregnancy.
• Primary biliary cirrhosis: Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive cholestatic disease of the liver.
• Progeria: A rare fatal genetic disorder characterized by extremely premature aging.
• Progeria short stature pigmented nevi: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by premature aging, short stature, and immune system deficiency. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Progressive neurodegeneration - joint laxity - cataract: A rare syndrome caused by an enzyme deficiency (Delta-1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase).
• Propoxyphene - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Propoxyphene during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate
• Proximal spinal muscular atrophy: A rare group of muscle disorders which mainly affects the muscles closest to the trunk of the body. Muscles become progressively weak and wasted due to damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem.
• Proximal spinal muscular atrophy, type 1: A type of spinal muscular atrophy which is a progressive genetic motor neuron disease involving the nerves and muscles. The condition is relatively rare and is characterized by muscle weakness which leads to structural deformities and loss or reduced capability of normal body movements. SMA type I is the most debilitating form as muscular weakness is evident at birth and diagnosis usually occurs within the first three months.
• Psoriasis: Chronic skin rash condition, usually red or silver and blistery.
• Psychiatric disorders associated Celiac Disease: Patients with Psychiatric disorders are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, familial: An uncommon lung condition characterized by the abnormal diffuse accumulation of lymphocytes in the lungs. The condition may be inherited in a familial pattern.
• Pyle disease: A rare genetic disorder characterized by numerous bone abnormalities as well as loss of vision and hearing.
• Pyogenic arthritis - pyoderma gangrenosum - acne: A very rare autoinflammatory disorder involving the joints and skin. Sufferers develop arthritis, skin lesions and severe acne during adolescence. Usually only one joint is affected during episodes and various joints can be affected - especially the elbows, knees and ankles.
• Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne: A very rare autoinflammatory disorder involving the joints and skin. Sufferers develop arthritis, skin lesions and severe acne during adolescence. Usually only one joint is affected during episodes and various joints can be affected - especially the elbows, knees and ankles.
• Quebec platelet disorder: An inherited bleeding disorder reported in Quebec, Canada.
• Radio digito - facial dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormalities of the arm bones and facial anomalies.
• Rajab-Spranger syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a skin fat disorder, mental retardation and deafnes.
• Rapadilino syndrome: A rare genetic condition characterized primarily by a cleft palate which has a high arch and missing or underdeveloped kneecaps as well as other anomalies.
• Rat-bite fever: A disease caused by a rat bite where the patient becomes infected by a bacteria (causes skin ulceration and recurrent fever) or a fungus (causes skin inflammation, muscle pain and vomiting). Also called sodokosis.
• Ray-Peterson-Scott syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by pelvic anomalies and joint contractures involving the legs.
• Reactive arthritis: The inflammation of a joint
• Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome: A condition characterized by pain and reduced range of motion in the shoulder and hand of the affected arm.
• Refractory Celiac Disease: Refractory Celiac Disease is celiac disease that fails to respond to treatment which involves a gluten-free diet. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The condition is quite uncommon and often the resulting poor absorption of nutrients from the intestines leads to a poor prognosis.
• Reiter’s syndrome: A form of reactive arthritis characterized by arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis and skin lesions.
• Relapsing fever: Tick-borne disease with symptoms that resolve and then relapse
• Relapsing polychondritis: A chronic disease that affects multiple joints resulting in inflammation and degeneration
• Renal osteodystrophy: Lack of bone mineralization due to kidney disease.
• Retinal telangiectasia and hypogammaglobulinemia: A rare disorder characterized by the association of poor immunity with dilated retinal blood vessels.
• Rhabditida Infections: Infection with a parasitic worm from the order rhabditida. The symptoms are determined by the species involved.
• Rheumatic conditions: Any condition that affects ones joints
• Rheumatic fever: An inflammatory disorder that can occur as a complication of untreated streptococcal bacterial infection such as strep throat or scarlet fever. The condition may affect the brain, skin, heart and joints.
• Rheumatism: Rheumatism is a colloquial term used to describe a range of conditions which are considered to be rheumatalogical disorders. These may include conditions affecting the heart, lung, bones, joint, kidney and skin.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune inflammatory condition which primarily affects the joints
• Rhizomelic syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short upper arm and thigh bones. Death frequently occurs in early childhood.
• Rhodococcus equi: A rare form of bacterial infection that usually affects horses and foals but can cause infection mainly in immunocompromised people. Infection usually starts at the site of some sort of trauma. Symptoms and severity may vary considerably depending on the location and extent of the infection.
• Richieri Costa Guion Almeida Cohen syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by premature fusion of skull bones, facial anomalies and various other abnormalities.
• Rickets: A condition that affects the bones due to vitamin D deficiency
• Rickettsia: A self limiting condition that is transmitted by mites
• Rickettsial disease: A disease caused by infection with rickettsial bacteria which are transmitted by arthropods such as ticks, mites and lice. Different rickettsial bacteria can cause different types of infections such as typhus, spotted fever and trench fever. Symptoms can vary somewhat between the different types.
• Riedel syndrome: A rare condition that occurs when fibrous tissue forms in the thyroid area and progressively destroys the thyroid gland.
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever: A bacterial disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and transmitted by ticks. The condition causes fever and a characteristic rash and may be fatal in severe or untreated cases.
• Rolland-Desbuquois syndrome: A condition characterized by dwarfism, hydrocephalus, facial abnormalities and a narrow chest. Survival is possible past infancy. The condition is a less severe form of Silverman-Handmaker syndrome which is lethal.
• Ross River virus: Mosquito-borne virus in parts of Australia and other countries
• Rubella: A contagious viral infection caused by the Rubella virus which produces a rash and lymph node swelling. It can have serious implication in pregnant women as the virus can be transmitted through the placenta and cause serious fetal defects or even fetal death.
• SAPHO syndrome: A rare disorder involving skin (acne, pustulosis), bone (hyperostosis, osteitis) and joint problems.
• Salmonella food poisoning: Common type of food poisoning.
• Sandfly fever: Viral infection from sandfly bites
• Sarcoidosis: Rare autoimmune disease usually affecting the lungs.
• Satoyoshi syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by alopecia, diarrhea, skeletal abnormalities and painful leg cramps caused by physical exercise or emotional stress.
• Say-Barber-Miller syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by immune system problems and a small head.
• Scarlet fever: A complication of infection from strep bacteria such as strep throat.
• Schistosomiasis: Parasitic fluke infection in developing countries
• Schlegelberger-Grote syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, fingerlike thumbs and a blood disorder involving abnormally shaped blood platelets.
• Schnitzler syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of chronic urticaria as well as a blood abnormality called macroglobulinemia.
• Schofer beetz bohl syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain calcification, mental retardation, short stature, diabetes insipidus and unusual facial appearance.
• Scleredema adultorum: A rare skin condition characterized by thickening of the skin usually in the head, neck and upper body area. The disorder is often associated with conditions such as infections, myelomas and diabetes.
• Scleroderma: A rare, progressive connective tissue disorder involving thickening and hardening of the skin and connective tissue. There are a number of forms of scleroderma with some forms being systemic (involving internal organs).
• Scleroderma, systemic: A rare autoimmune connective tissue disease where the body attacks parts of the body and causes scarring and thickness of the tissue. In the systemic form, the skin and organs are involved.
• Scleromyxedema: A rare connective tissue disorder which causes the skin to become progressively thick and hard. The severity of symptoms is variable with lungs and circulation affected in some patients. The degree of resulting disability, disfigurement and response to treatment is variable.
• Scurvy: Severe disease from vitamin C deficiency
• Sea snake poisoning: The Sea snake is a poisonous snake found in the warmer western parts of the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Sea snakes have scales but not gills or fins so they still need to go to the surface of the water to breathe. Sea snake venom is particularly poisonous but their bite fails to achieve any significant envenomation. The venom is toxic to the nervous system and muscles.
• Secernentea Infections: Infection with a type of parasitic nematode (worm). The symptoms are highly variable depending on where the worm migrates to through out the body and which particular species is involved. Some examples of nematodes are Wuchereria, Spirurina, Mansonella, Drucunculus, Loa and Ascaris.
• Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis: Secondary biliary cirrhosis is a condition where the bile ducts are unable to transport bile effectively due to a secondary cause which results in blockage, inflammation, scarring or some other damage to the bile ducts. The condition may result from such things as congenital defect of the bile ducts (e.g. biliary atresia), cystic fibrosis, gallstones or a variety of other secondary conditions.
• Secondary syphilis: A condition which is characterized by fever, multiform skin eruptions, iritis, alopecia, mucous patches and severe pain in the head and joints
• Serpentine fibula - polycystic kidney syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by unusual s-shaped calf bone (fibula) as well as the development of numerous cysts in the kidneys.
• Serum sickness: Type of allergic reaction to certain medications or serums
• Severe combined immunodeficiency, T- B+ due to JAK3 deficiency: A recessively inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a lack of circulating T and Natural Killer Cells and a normal level of B cells. The disorder is caused by a defect on the JAK3 gene. Infants may display symptoms such as pancytopenia, skin rash and abnormal liver function due to a graft-versus-host reaction to the mother's T cells via the placenta. If the condition is not treated, death occurs.
• Severe joint pain: A condition which is characterized by severe pain that is located in the joints
• Short stature - prognathism - short femoral necks: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, protruding jaw and a hip anomaly.
• Short stature locking fingers: A rare syndrome characterized by short stature and episodes of locked finger joints.
• Shoulder Osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the shoulder joint as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Shoulder-hand syndrome: also known as Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that mainly affects the arms and legs
• Sickle Cell Anemia: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are crescent-shaped rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are unable to function normally and tend to undergo premature destruction which leads to anemia. If the genetic defect which causes the condition is inherited from both parents the condition can be quite severe whereas if it is inherited from only one parent, often there are no symptoms. The abnormally shaped red blood cells can cause problems when they clump together and block blood vessels.
• Sickle cell anemia: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are crescent-shaped rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are unable to function normally and tend to undergo premature destruction which leads to anemia. If the genetic defect which causes the condition is inherited from both parents the condition can be quite severe whereas if it is inherited from only one parent, often there are no symptoms. The abnormally shaped red blood cells can cause problems when they clump together and block blood vessels.
• Sickle cell crisis: A condition which is characterized by either a hemolytic crisis or vaso-occlusive crisis
• Silverman-Handmaker syndrome: A condition characterized by dwarfism, hydrocephalus, facial abnormalities and a narrow chest. The condition results in death during or soon after birth and is a more severe form of Rolland-Debuquois syndrome.
• Sindbis fever: Infection with a type of alphavirus which is transmitted by mosquitoes. The disease is usually mild and resolves spontaneously.
• Sitosterolemia: A very rare inherited disorder of lipid metabolism where excessive amounts of sterols are absorbed and not removed from the body resulting in a build up in the blood.
• Sjogren's Syndrome: Autoimmune disease damaging the eye tear ducts and other glands.
• Sjögren syndrome, secondary: An autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks parts of the body that produce moisture such as the eyes, mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Sjögren syndrome can occur on its own (primary) or with another connective tissue disease (secondary) such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, systemic sclerosis and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. The condition can be mild or severe.
• Skeletal dysplasia - mental retardation: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Slipped epiphysis: Slippage of joint cartilage at the hip joint
• Smallpox: Dangerous virus now almost eliminated worldwide by vaccination.
• Spasticity: When there are hypertonic movements of the muscles and they are stiff
• Spherophakia brachymorphia syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, and craniofacial, eye, tooth and limb abnormalities.
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A rare condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the spinal and brainstem motor neurons. During fetal development excess primary neurons are formed. The body automatically destroys the extra primary neurons so that only some survive and mature into neurons. In spinal muscular dystrophy, the process that destroys the excess primary neurons doesn't switch off and continues destroying the neurons resulting in progressive motor problems. Various types of the condition range from mild to severe enough to cause death within a couple of years of birth.
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy type I: Type of SMA, a genetic motor neuron disease affecting nerves and muscles.
• Spinal arthritis: Inflammation of the spine joints. The inflammation can be the result of such things as degenerative joint disease, gout, infection, trauma and autoimmune conditions.
• Spine osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the spine as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Spirochetes disease: Infection with a type of bacteria which is often found in mud, sewage and polluted water. Symptoms are determined by the species involved. Diseases caused by this bacteria include Treponema infection and borreliosis.
• Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia congenita, Iraqi: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal bone growth. Only a few cases have been reported.
• Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia joint laxity: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormal bone growth involving severe scoliosis and loose joints.
• Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity: A rare skeletal disorder where the spine and long bones grow and develop abnormally. Loose joints and severe curvature of the spine is also present. The condition is severe and death in the first couple of decades is common.
• Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with multiple dislocations: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormal bone growth and multiple joint dislocations.
• Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature and skeletal abnormalities which are usually not apparent before 12 years.
• Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda progressive arthropathy: A rare genetic disorder where abnormal bone development primarily involves the spine and epiphyses (end of long bones where growth occurs). Progressive arthropathy (joint disease) also affects most joints.
• Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with combined immunodeficiency: A rare syndrome characterized by skeletal abnormalities as well as a poor immune system.
• Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with dentinogenesis imperfecta: A rare skeletal disorder involving abnormal bone development. The condition is characterized by abnormal growth of long bones, loose joints and tooth enamel abnormalities. The shortness in the arms and legs occurs mainly in the middle bones such as the forearm and lower leg bones.
• Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Kozlowski type: A rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced calcification of the spine and pelvis resulting in short stature.
• Sporotrichosis: A fungal skin infection caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Usually only the skin is infected but bones, lungs and central nervous system can rarely be affected also. Transmission usually occurs through infection of a skin wound.
• Sprain: an injury which occurs to ligaments caused by a sudden overstretching.
• Spranger-Schinzel-Myers syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by brain malformation, underdeveloped fingers and bone abnormalities. It is believed to be possibly caused by exposure to ergotamine and diazoxide which may be teratogenic.
• Steroid withdrawal syndrome: Symptoms that can occur when a patient stops taking corticoid medication.
• Stevens Johnson syndrome: A rare but serious condition involving inflammation and blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. It is believed to be an allergic reaction that can occur in response to some drugs or infectious diseases.
• Stickler Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by joint problems, distinctive facial characteristics and eye and ear abnormalities.
• Stickler Syndrome, type I: A rare genetic disorder characterized by joint problems, distinctive facial characteristics and eye and ear abnormalities. Type 1 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 12q13.11-q13.2
• Stickler Syndrome, type II: A rare genetic disorder characterized by joint problems, distinctive facial characteristics and eye and ear abnormalities. Type 2 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 1p21
• Stickler Syndrome, type III: A rare genetic disorder characterized by joint problems, distinctive facial characteristics and ear abnormalities. Type 3 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 6q21.3. Type 3 doesn't involve any of the eye problems that occur in type 1 and 2.
• Stiff joints: Reduced mobility or movement of the joints
• Stiff skin syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by very stiff, thick skin that can affect the ability to move joints.
• Still's Disease, Adult-Onset: A form of arthritic inflammation characterized by fever, rash and joint pain that occurs in adults. The cause is unknown.
• Streptococcal Infections: Various "strep" bacterial infections.
• Stress: Emotional stress (sometimes refers to physical stress)
• Strongyloidiasis: A parasitic infectious disease involving the intestines and caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. Infection usually occurs in crowded, unsanitized populations.
• Stuart factor deficiency, acquired: A rare blood clotting disorder which causes mild to severe bleeding depending on the degree of deficiency of Factor X (Stuart factor). This disorder can be inherited or acquired by people suffering from conditions such as liver disease, amyloidosis, certain cancers and leprosy.
• Sulfa antibiotics allergy: Taking sulfa antibiotics can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 1: Susceptibility to celiac disease 1 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 6p21.3) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 10: Susceptibility to celiac disease 10 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 3q25-q26) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 11: Susceptibility to celiac disease 11 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 3q28) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 12: Susceptibility to celiac disease 12 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 6q25) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 13: Susceptibility to celiac disease 13 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 12q24) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 2: Susceptibility to celiac disease 2 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 5q31-q33) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 3: Susceptibility to celiac disease 3 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 2q33) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 4: Susceptibility to celiac disease 4 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 19p13.1) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 5: Susceptibility to celiac disease 5 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 15q11-q13) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 6: Susceptibility to celiac disease 6 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 4q27) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 7: Susceptibility to celiac disease 7 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 1q133) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 8: Susceptibility to celiac disease 8 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 2q11-q12) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 9: Susceptibility to celiac disease 9 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 3p21) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Swine flu: The Swine Flu is a respiratory viral disease which is usually found in pigs but can sometimes be transmitted to humans and cause epidemics or even pandemics. The viral strain involved is type A H1N1. The virus can be spread amongst humans from direct contact which can occur through coughing, sneezing or contamination of hands and surfaces. The severity of symptoms is highly variable, although with most people suffering only relatively mild symptoms. Patients are considered contagious for up to a week after the onset of symptoms but children may be contagious for longer periods of time.
• Symptoms resembling arthritis:
• Synovial osteochondromatosis: A rare joint disorder where some of the tissue that lines the joint is replaced by bone-like tissue or cartilage. Usually only one joint is affected and it tends to be the knee, elbow or hip
• Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial membrane which causes arthritis. It usually results from injury, infection or rheumatic disease.
• Synovitis granulomatous with uveitis and cranial neuropathies: A rare chronic inflammatory condition characterized by arthritis, dermatitis and uveitis. The condition may have a similar presentation to a condition called early-onset sarcoidosis and genetic testing may be needed to distinguish the conditions.
• Syphilis: A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria (Treponema pallidum). The condition is often asymptomatic in the early stages but one or more sores may be present in the early stages. Untreated syphilis usually results in remission of visible symptoms but further severe damage may occur to internal organs and other body tissues which can result in death.
• Systemic Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Onset of JRA with fevers and systemic symptoms
• Systemic lupus erythematosus: chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal, though with recent medical advances, fatalities are becoming increasingly rare.
• T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cancer of particular white blood cells called T-cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
• TAR syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the absence of radial bones of both forearms and thrombocytopenia.
• Temporal arteritis: Inflamed head artery causing headache.
• Tempormandibular joint pain: Temporomandibular joint pain occurs as a result of problems with the jaw, jaw joint, and surrounding facial muscles that control chewing and moving the jaw.
• Tendinitis: a painful inflammation of a tendon
• Thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. There are two subtypes of the disorder (? and ?) depending on what portion of the hemoglobin is abnormally synthesized. Each of these subtypes can be further classified depending on the number of thalassemia genes involved. A total of four genes is needed to make each ? protein chains and two genes are needed to make each ? chain. The main symptom is anemia, the severity of which can vary amongst patients depending on how many defective genes are involved.
• The clap: A sexually transmitted infection by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, acquired: A rare blood condition where small blood clots form in blood vessels which reduces the number of blood platelets and results in kidney failure, neurological symptoms and anemia. The condition may be familial or acquired - symptoms tend to recur regularly in the familial form.
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, congenital: A rare blood condition where small blood clots form in blood vessels which reduces the number of blood platelets and results in kidney failure, neurological symptoms and anemia.
• Thyroid acropachy:
• Tick bite: When an individual is bitten by a tick
• Tick-borne diseases: Any disease that is transferred to humans by the tick
• Toe Osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the toe joints as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Trichinosis: Worm infection usually caught from pigs
• Trisomy 6 mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 6 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A form of spastic partial paralysis of the lower limbs which occurs in the tropics
• Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection causing nodules forming, most commonly in the lung.
• Tularemia: A rare infections disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis (a gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacillus). Transmission occurs through contact with infected animals or there habitats e.g. bites from infected insects or other animals, eating infected wild animals, contact with contaminated water and soil. Symptoms can vary greatly depending on the method of infection. For example infection through inhalation can cause symptoms similar to pneumonia, eating infected animals can cause a sore throat and abdominal symptoms and transmission through the skin can cause result in a painful skin ulcer.
• Turner syndrome associated Celiac Disease: Females with Turner syndrome are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Type 1 diabetes related Celiac Disease: Patients with Type 1 diabetes are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Type A Influenza: Type A influenza is a subtype of the influenza virus that can cause cause serious illness and result in pandemics. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H1: The H1 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause cause serious illness and result in pandemics. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H10N7: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H10N7 is a subtype of influenza which rarely causes infection in human - only two cases of infectin have been reported.
• Type A influenza subtype H1N1: The H1N1 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause illness in humans. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The H1N1 subtype caused a pandemic called the Spanish Flu in 1918 and resulted in millions of deaths.
• Type A influenza subtype H1N2: The H1N2 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause cause illness in humans. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H2N2: The H2N2 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause cause illness in humans. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H3N2: The H3N2 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause cause illness in humans. Subtype H3N2 has caused a number of pandemics (e.g. Hong Kong Flu) and tends to occur in a seasonal pattern in many parts of the world. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H5: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H5 is a subtype of influenza which can be further divided into subtypes e.g. H5N1.
• Type A influenza subtype H5N1: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H5N1 is a subtype of influenza that mainly infects birds but can be transmitted to humans. Infections were reported in Hong Kong in 1997 and in various parts of the world in 2003 - 2007.
• Type A influenza subtype H7: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H7 is a subtype of influenza which usually infects animals but can be transmitted to humans.
• Type A influenza subtype H7N2: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H7N2 is a subtype of influenza which has rarely infected humans. Infections were reported in New York in 2003 and in the UK in 2007.
• Type A influenza subtype H7N3: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H7N3 is a subtype of influenza which rarely infects humans. Infections were reported were reported in Canada in 2004.
• Type A influenza subtype H7N7: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H7N7 is a subtype of influenza which rarely infects humans. Infections were reported in the UK in 1996 and in the Netherlands in 2003.
• Type A influenza subtype H9: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H9 is a subtype of influenza which rarely causes infection in humans and tends to only cause mild illness.
• Type A influenza subtype H9N2: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H9N2 is a subtype of influenza which rarely causes infection in humans. A small number of cases occurred in China and Hong Kong in 1999 and 2003 and 2007.
• Type B Influenza: Type B influenza is a subtype of the influenza virus that tends to occur sporadically - can cause epidemics but not pandemics. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type C Influenza: Type C influenza is a subtype of the influenza virus that only rarely infects people and tends to only cause mild illness. It is not known to cause epidemics or pandemics. Influenza is viral respiratory infection.
• Typhoid fever: Fever from bacterial food poisoning.
• Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon, that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon.
• Unusual facies, short stature, enamel hypoplasia, stiff joints and high-pitched voice: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, stiff joints, unusual facial appearance, high-pitched voice and underdeveloped tooth enamel.
• Vasculitis hypersensitivity: A condition which is characterised by a reaction that results in the inflammation of the blood vessels
• Velocardiofacial syndrome: A genetic disorder which can present with a wide range of phenotypic manifestations which has lead to a number of different names being assigned to the various presentations e.g. DiGeorge Syndrome and Cayler Anomaly Face Syndrome. There are nearly 200 different symptoms that can occur and the severity of the condition is also highly variable depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms that are present.
• Viral Hepatitis: hepatitis describes inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis may be caused by alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and viruses. Viral infection accounts for more than half the cases of acute hepatitis.
• Viremia: The presence of a virus in the bloodstream. The symptoms will depend on the type of virus involved. Some viruses cause no symptoms.
• Wagner-Stickler Syndrome: There is confusion about whether Wagner and Stickler disease are actually extremes of the same disorder and thus the term Wagner-Stickler syndrome is sometimes used. Both conditions involve varying degrees of degeneration of eye structures with Stickler syndrome also involving other variable symptoms such as deafness and facial, oral and skeletal abnormalities.
• Weber-Christian disease: A form of panniculitis involving fever and liver and spleen enlargement.
• Wegener's granulomatosis: A rare disease involving blood vessel inflammation which can affect the blood flow to various tissues and organs and hence cause damage. The respiratory system and the kidneys are the main systems affected.
• Weil's syndrome: Severe form of Leptospirosis
• West African Trypanosomiasis: West African sleeping sickness from the tsetse fly
• Whipple's Disease: Rare malabsorption disease from bacterial digestive infection
• Wild cherry seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually only occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• William's syndrome associated Celiac Disease: Patients with William's syndrome are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Wilson's disease: Wilson disease, or hepatolenticular degeneration, is a neurodegenerative disease of copper metabolism.
• Winchester Syndrome: A very rare condition involving destruction of bone in the ankle, wrists and elbows as well as eye, teeth and joint abnormalities.
• Wolcott-Rallison syndrome: A very rare genetic condition characterized primarily by the onset of diabetes mellitus during infancy and epiphyseal dysplasia (abnormal joint development).
• Wrist osteoarthritis: A form of arthritis where the cartilage which cushions the bones in the wrist joint as they move against each other, becomes progressively degraded and damaged. This causes problems such as pain, stiffness and impaired movement. Pain is not present in all cases however, with some patients imply suffering joint stiffness. Primary osteoarthritis occurs as the person ages but results from repetitive use and/or high mechanical stress on the joint. It is not a direct result of the aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis is the result of such things as injury to the joint, joint infection, obesity, ligament damage, joint overuse, hormonal problems, pregnancy and various other conditions. Family history seem to play a factor in developing the condition.
• Wrist symptoms: Symptoms of the wrist area and joint
• X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Immune deficiency from lack of antibodies.
• Xanthine oxydase deficiency: The deficiency of an enzyme that is involved in the degradation of purine
• Xanthinuria: A hereditary condition that is characterised by a disorder of purine metabolism
• Xiphoid syndrome: Pain and discomfort that occurs in the lowest portion of the sternum called the xiphoid process. The symptoms may occur sporadically or be associated with conditions such as heart disease, gallbladder disease and bone disease. Certain movements (bending, lifting) or eating large meals may precipitate an attack.
• Yaws: A rare infections disease caused by the spiral-shaped bacteria Treponema pertenue. The disease consists of three phases: skin lesions are followed by bone, joint and widespread skin symptoms and finally by inflammation and destruction of cartilage in the nose, pharynx and palate. Transmission can be through direct contact with infected skin, insect bites or sex.
• Yersiniosis: A condition which is characterized by infectious diarrhea, enteritis, ileitis and occasionally septicaemia
• Zimmerman-Laband syndrome: A rare inherited condition characterized by fibrosis of the gums and ear, nose, nail and finger abnormalities.

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