Headache

Muscle contraction (tension)
Migraine
Cluster (histamine) headache
Nonmigrainous vascular causes
   Effort (physical activity)
   Vasomotor rhinitis
   Cough (e.g., Arnold-Chiari syndrome)
   Fever
   Hypertension
   Hypotension
   Hypoxia or hypercapnia, or both (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary infiltrative disease, sleep apnea syndrome, high altitude)
   Anemia
   Cerebrovascular disease (thrombosis, embolism,
hemorrhage)
   Postseizure
   Post–lumbar puncture
   Endocrine causes
       Hypoglycemia
       Hypothyroidism
       Hyperthyroidism
       Adrenal insufficiency
       Carcinoid, serotonin-secreting tumors
       Premenstrual syndrome
       Polycystic ovary syndrome
Drugs and toxins
   Theophylline
   Caffeine and caffeine withdrawal
   Nitrates
   Nitrites (e.g., hot dogs)
   Dextroamphetamines
   Ephedrine
   Oral contraceptives
   Reserpine
   Monamine oxidase inhibitors plus catecholamines
   Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
   Histamine
   Steroid withdrawal
   Alcohol withdrawal
   Disulfiram (Antabuse) plus alcohol
   Lead
   Benzene
   Carbon monoxide
   Carbon tetrachloride
   Insecticides
Intracranial causes
   Tumor
   Arteriovenous malformation
   Aneurysm (with or without hemorrhage)
   Subdural hematoma
   Encephalitis, brain abscess
   Pseudotumor cerebri
   Post-traumatic
   Other lesions (e.g., sarcoidosis)
   Arnold-Chiari malformation
   Cranial inflammation
       Meningeal irritation or inflammation
          Infection (e.g., bacterial, viral, tuberculous, fungal)
          Carcinomatous infiltration
          Intrathecal injection
       Postsubarachnoid hemorrhage
       Vasculitis (e.g., temporal arteritis, lupus, polyarteritis nodosa)
   Cranial and neck causes
       Cranial bone lesions
       Sinuses (trauma, inflammation)
       Ears (external, middle, internal)
       Eyes (inflammation, trauma, increased intraocular pressure, poor refraction)
       Teeth, jaws (infection, trauma, temporomandibular joint malocclusion)
       Cervical spine, ligaments, muscles (trauma, cervical spondylosis, ankylosing spondylitis, tumor)
       Neuralgia (e.g., postherpetic, trigeminal, glosso-
pharyngeal)
   Psychogenic, psychiatric
   Systemic diseases
       Infectious mononucleosis
       Systemic lupus erythematosus
       Hashimoto's thyroiditis
       Inflammatory bowel disease
       Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–related illnesses

References

1. Lance JW: Approach to the Patient with Headaches, p. 206. See Bibliography, 3.
2. Headache and Other Craniofacial Pain, p. 148. See Bibliography, 1.
3. Raskin NH: Headache, p. 42. See Bibliography, 2.

Book Source Details

• Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
• Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
• Year of Publication: 1999
• Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Other Book Chapters Related to Head symptoms

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Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.

More About Causes of Head symptoms

• Back to symptom: Head symptoms: Introduction (review 9746 causes)
• Next Book Extract About Head symptoms: Headache (Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
• All Book Extracts: All Online Book Extracts for Head symptoms

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More About This Book: Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis Authors: Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright: 1999 ISBN: 0-78171-943-7

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