Dr. Huntley's
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... Is there a history of drug or alcohol ingestion? This is a very important question to ask, as many cases of coma are due to acute alcohol intoxication, delirium tremens, opium ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Is there associated fever? Delirium with fever may simply indicate a self-limited infectious process, but it should bring to mind encephalitis and meningitis as well as cerebral abscess ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Is it true vertigo? True vertigo is characterized by the fact that the subject feels he or his environment is turning. One other form of true vertigo is lateral ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Are there convulsive movements or incontinence? The presence of convulsive movements should suggest convulsions, and the differential diagnosis of this is ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A subjective sensory phenomenon that may involve any of the five senses, such as visual auras (often described as flashing lights), sensory auras (paresthesias), or auditory auras.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An acute confusional state caused by a disturbance in global cortical function. Features include disturbance of consciousness, change in cognition, fluctuations of symptoms, and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Syncope is often referred to by patients as “fainting” and is defined as a loss of postural tone and consciousness. Syncope usually lasts for brief periods of a few minutes. Longer... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Dizziness/lightheadedness, a sensation of nearly losing consciousness, must be distinguished from vertigo, a sense of impulsion (spinning), either of the environment or of the patient. Dizziness/lightheadedness... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Coma is a state of total unawareness of the self and the environment. There is no eye opening or response to voice or painful stimuli. Coma can be due to dysfunction of either bilateral cerebral cortex or the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Delirium is an alteration in consciousness that can be associated with hallucinations, disorientation, and delusions. Normal thought processes are altered, including judgment, and rational behavior may be lost. Causes are... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Syncope is temporary loss of consciousness and muscle tone due to decreased cerebral blood flow. It is otherwise known as fainting or blackout. Syncope is a common pediatric... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Vertigo is an illusion of movement (usually rotatory) due to an acute imbalance of tonic vestibular activity. Symptoms of vertigo are nonspecific and occur when there is a disturbance anywhere in the peripheral or... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for coma and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard. V—Vascular disorders of the brain including ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Dizziness may mean true vertigo, which is a hallucination of movement of the patient or his environment, or light-headedness, which is a feeling that one is going to faint (and sometimes does). The causes of ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential of syncope or a brief loss of consciousness is best developed with the use of physiology and, to a lesser extent, anatomy. Like convulsions (see page 128), syncope is due to a diminished supply of ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Somnolence is a deep sleep from which the patient can be aroused. Coma is an unconscious state from which the patient cannot be aroused. Because somnolence may be simply an early stage of ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually brief; they may be... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in the level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to a transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs abruptly and lasts... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Vertigo is an illusion of movement in which the patient feels that he’s revolving in space (subjective vertigo) or that his surroundings are revolving around him (objective vertigo). He may complain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Neurologic or Mechanical Causes, or Both Mediated by vagal stimulation or autonomic insufficiency, or both Vasovagal ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Dizziness Hyperventilation Anxiety, psychosomatic causes Hypoxia Anemia Visual ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Usually No Lateralizing Signs, Normal Brainstem Reflexes Drug withdrawal after chronic intoxication, especially Alcohol ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor.... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma,... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs abruptly and lasts for seconds to minutes.... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Vertigo is an illusion of movement in which the patient feels that he’s revolving in space (subjective vertigo) or that his surroundings are revolving around him (objective... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Anne Cather Cutlip Coma represents a state of unarousable unresponsiveness in which the patient has no evidence of self or environmental awareness (1). Approach. A patient... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment. ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Linda P. Shields Delirium, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criterion (1), is a condition involving an acute confusional state recognized by... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment. ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... John Muench Dizziness is a disturbance in a patient’s subjective sensation of relationship to space. It can be the clinical presentation for many different diagnoses. It is the 15th most common... Approach ... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... James C. Chesnutt Syncope is a common and concerning medical problem, which accounts for 3% of emergency room visits and up to 6% of hospital admissions. Although the cause of syncope... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment. ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Frank S. Celestino Dizziness accounts for 1% to 2% of all office visits, 7% of visits by patients aged more than 80 years and 20% to 25% of all non–pain-related emergency room visits (1... Approach ... History ... Physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview ❑ Alcohol intoxication ❑ Drug overdose ❑ Hypoglycemia ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview Vertigo ❑ Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ❑ Vestibular... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview Orthostatic/Autonomic ❑ Neurally mediated hypotension ❑ Volume depletion ❑ ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview Systemic ❑ Drugs/toxins ❑ Sepsis ❑ Hypoglycemia &... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma, or cerebral edema. However, this sign... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive,... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually brief; they may... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), which can range from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs abruptly... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Vertigo is an illusion of movement in which the patient feels that he’s revolving in space (subjective vertigo) or that his surroundings are revolving around him (objective vertigo). He may complain of feeling... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Vertigois a disturbance of spatial orientation in which individuals havethe sensation that they or their surroundings are moving. Abnormalvestibular function, either in the peripheral or central nervoussystem,... Principal Causes of Vertigo ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...Syncope is a transient loss of consciousnessand postural tone usually produced by impaired cerebral blood flow.Generally, a syncopal episode in childhood is a benign isolatedevent; however, some causes can be life... Principal Causes of Syncope and Dizziness ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom, dizziness is a sensation of imbalance or faintness, sometimes associated with giddiness, weakness, confusion, and blurred or double vision. Episodes of dizziness are usually brief; they may be mild or severe with an abrupt... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in the level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma, or cerebral edema. However, this sign... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common neurologic sign, syncope (or fainting) refers to a transient loss of consciousness associated with impaired cerebral blood supply or cerebral hypoxia. It usually occurs abruptly and lasts for... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Vertigo is an illusion of movement in which the patient feels that he's revolving in space (subjective vertigo) or that his surroundings are revolving around him (objective vertigo). He... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for coma, and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard. V—Vascular disorders of the ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Dizziness may mean true vertigo, which is a hallucination of movement of the patient or his environment, or lightheadedness, which is a feeling that one is going to faint ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Somnolence is a deep sleep from which the patient can be aroused. Coma is an unconscious state from which the patient cannot be aroused. Because somnolence may be simply an early... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential of syncope or a brief loss of consciousness is best developed with the use of physiology and, to a lesser extent, anatomy. Like... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Phillip Spandorfer Approach to the Patient with Syncope I. Definition of the Complaint ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Author: Anjali Subbaswamy, MD What to Do - Gather Appropriate Data Syncope/Long QT. Syncope is a loss of consciousness related to decreased ... Suggested Readings ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nancy Drucker, MD Syncope - BASICS Syncope - description Loss of consciousness, typically lasting no longer than 1–2 minutes, due to a transient... Syncope - DIAGNOSIS ... Syncope - TREATMENT ... Syncope - FOLLOW UP ... Syncope - bibliography ... Syncope - CODES ... Syncope - FAQ ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
The list below shows some of the causes of Fainting mentioned in various sources:
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