Dr. Huntley's
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... Is it unilateral? Diplopia that is unilateral is rare, but it can be encountered in ectopia lentis as associated with Marfan's disease, as well as in congenital double pupil, cataracts, and corneal ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Is there redness of the eye? Redness of the eye suggests definite eye pathology. Without redness, one should suspect disease in the adjacent structures ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Is the nystagmus pendular? Pendular nystagmus without a fast or slow component suggests ocular nystagmus due to albinism, partial blindness, or other ocular disorders. Is it ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Is the onset acute or gradual? An acute onset would suggest optic neuritis, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, extradural hematoma, brain abscess, dural sinus thrombosis, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Is it transient? If the scotomas are transient, then migraine, transient ischemic attacks, and retrobulbar neuritis should be suspected. Are there ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Diplopia, or double vision, is a common ophthalmologic complaint. Diplopia may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal. It occurs secondary to paralysis, paresis, and/or restriction of the extraocular muscles.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nystagmus is defined as involuntary, rhythmic, biphasic oscillation of eyes. It is characterized as horizontal, vertical, rotary, or a combination; fast or slow; symmetric or asymmetric; and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Papilledema is defined as swelling or edema of the optic discs; it is usually bilateral and is due to increased intracranial pressure. Clinically, the disk appears elevated and the margins appear indistinct or blurred with obscuring of some... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A red eye is a diagnostic sign of ocular inflammation, which may be caused by a multitude of conditions. Most cases are benign and can be effectively managed by the primary care... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The most common cause of eye discharge in pediatric patients is viral conjunctivitis. Many clinicians treat viral conjunctivitis as bacterial conjunctivitis because the similarities in history and physical... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Diplopia of sudden onset is more related to neurologic disease than to ocular disease. Other than space-occupying orbital lesions, most diplopia can be related to a neurologic disorder. The first causes that... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nystagmus is defined as involuntary rhythmic oscillations of the eyes. The finding is usually bilateral, and the abnormal movements occur identically in both eyes.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Red eye is a “basket” term that encompasses a wide range of ophthalmic conditions. Most conditions are self-limited; however, red eye can be a sign of serious eye disease. Presence of pain helps to distinguish... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... True optic disc swelling or edema can be a very ominous sign. Papilledema is defined as disc swelling produced by increased ICP; it may be asymmetric, UL, or BL. Acutely, the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities for eye pain. M— ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Why not consider the differential diagnosis of nystagmus under vertigo, because anatomic pathophysiology is the key to the differential in both? The reason is that there are two forms of nystagmus ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... No anatomic analysis of this condition is necessary because most cases of papilledema are caused by intracranial pathology. Three notable extracranial conditions are optic neuritis, hypertension, and ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Most textbooks consider the causes of red eye as conjunctivitis, iritis, or glaucoma, but it may be the result of taking the night plane from Los Angeles to New York. If these are all the causes you ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Diplopia is double vision — seeing one object as two. This symptom results when extraocular muscles fail to work together, causing images to fall on noncorresponding parts of the retinas. What causes this... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe;... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nystagmus refers to the involuntary oscillations of one or, more commonly, both eyeballs. These oscillations are usually rhythmic and may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed. They may be transient or sustained and may... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...Negative oculocephalic reflex An indicator of brain stem dysfunction, the absence of the doll's eye sign is detected by rapid, gentle turning of the patient's head from side to side. The eyes remain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Raccoon eyes are bilateral periorbital ecchymoses that don’t result from facial soft-tissue trauma. Usually an indicator of basilar skull fracture, this sign develops when damage at the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Setting-sun sign refers to the downward deviation of an infant’s or a young child’s eyes as a result of pressure on cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. With this late and ominous sign of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Pendular* Congenital Spasmus nutans Associated with bilateral central loss of vision before 2 years of age ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Vision, the most complex sense, has recently been the focus of some of the greatest medical and surgical innovations. Disorders that affect the eye generally lead to vision loss or impairment; routine ophthalmic... Review of anatomy ... Ocular layers ... The lens and accommodation ... Lacrimal apparatus and eyelids ... Depth perception ... Vision testing ... Subjective testing ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Usually associated with conjunctivitis, an eye discharge is the excretion of any substance other than tears. This common sign may occur in one or both eyes, producing scant to copious... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Diplopia is double vision—seeing one object as two. This symptom results when extraocular muscles fail to work together, causing images to fall on noncorresponding parts of the retinas.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nystagmus refers to the involuntary oscillations of one or, more commonly, both eyeballs. These oscillations are usually rhythmic and may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed. They may... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result from... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An indicator of brain stem dysfunction, the absence of the doll’s eye sign is detected by rapid, gentle turning of the patient’s head from side to side. The eyes remain fixed in midposition,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Raccoon eyes are bilateral periorbital ecchymoses that don’t result from facial soft-tissue trauma. Usually an indicator of basilar skull fracture, this sign develops when damage at the time of fracture tears the meninges and causes... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Setting-sun sign refers to the downward deviation of an infant’s or young child’s eyes as a result of pressure on cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. With this late and ominous sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP),... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Richard C. Mauer Diplopia, or true double vision, not simply blurred vision, can be a very useful clinical symptom. A range of problems can be limited to the eye or be as severe as an intracranial... Approach ... History ... Physical examination. Focused physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Michael J. Puk Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmically repeated oscillation of one or both eyes in any or all fields of gaze. Eye movements are coordinated by smooth... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Diagnostic assessment ... Testing ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Richard C. Mauer Papilledema is optic disc swelling produced by increased intracranial pressure. The diagnostic assessment of papilledema is critical in that the underlying... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... John E. Sutherland The most frequent causes of “red eye”—conjunctivitis, trauma, allergies, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and lid problems—are... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Michael J. Puk Scotoma is defined as a blind or partially blind area in the visual field. A basic understanding of neuroanatomy helps to localize the visual field defect. Simply put, pathology anterior to... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testin ... Diagnostic assessment ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview ❑ Conjunctivitis ❑ Corneal abrasion ❑ Foreign body &... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview ❑ Viral conjunctivitis ❑ Allergic conjunctivitis ❑ Bacterial conjunctivitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview Diplopia ❑ Alcohol ❑ Diabetes ❑ Brainstem ischemia/lesion ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, itching, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result from... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Usually associated with conjunctivitis, an eye discharge is the excretion of any substance other than tears. This common sign may occur in one or both eyes, producing scant to copious discharge. The discharge may be purulent... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Diplopia is the clinical term for double vision, or seeing one object as two. This symptom results when extraocular muscles fail to work together, causing images to fall on noncorresponding parts of the... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain, or ophthalmalgia, may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nystagmus refers to the involuntary oscillations of one or, more commonly, both eyeballs. These oscillations are usually rhythmic and may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed. They may be... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nystagmusis the rhythmic to and fro oscillation of the eyes in any or allfields of gaze. Described by type (jerk or pendular),direction (horizontal, vertical, torsional),... Principal Causes of Nystagmus ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...Most cases of a red eye are due to relativelyminor infectious or allergic causes. Some cases, however, reflectmore serious eye pathology, which must be investigated further. Principal Causes of Red Eye ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Usually associated with conjunctivitis, eye discharge is the excretion of a substance other than tears. This common sign may occur in one or both eyes, producing scant to copious discharge. The discharge may be purulent... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Diplopia is double vision—seeing one object as two. This symptom results when extraocular muscles fail to work together, causing images to fall on noncorresponding parts... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nystagmus refers to the involuntary oscillations of one or, more commonly, both eyeballs. These oscillations are usually rhythmic and may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed. They... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An indicator of brain stem dysfunction, the absence of the doll's eye sign is detected by rapid, gentle turning of the patient's head from side to side. The eyes remain fixed in midposition, instead of the normal response of moving laterally... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and exact location... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Raccoon eyes are bilateral periorbital ecchymoses that don't result from facial soft-tissue trauma. Usually an indicator of basilar skull fracture, this sign develops when damage at the time of a fracture tears the meninges and causes the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Setting-sun sign refers to the downward deviation of an infant's or a young child's eyes as a result of pressure on cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. With this late and ominous sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), both eyes are... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities for eye pain. ... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Why not consider the differential diagnosis of nystagmus under vertigo, because anatomic pathophysiology is the key to the differential in both? The reason is that there are... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... No anatomic analysis of this condition is necessary because most cases of papilledema are caused by intracranial pathology. Three notable extracranial conditions are optic... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Most textbooks consider the causes of red eye to be conjunctivitis, iritis, or glaucoma, but it may be the result of taking the night plane from Los Angeles to... Pictures ... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
The list below shows some of the causes of Eye symptoms mentioned in various sources:
See full list of 5196 causes of Eye symptoms
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