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Is the discharge unilateral or bilateral? If it is unilateral and watery or bloody, one should look for a neoplasm in the breast. If it is bilateral and milky, one should look for ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is the mass tender? A tender mass is most likely due to an infectious process such as mastitis or an abscess. However, chronic cystic mastitis may present with a tender ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it unilateral or bilateral? Unilateral breast pain should make one think of an infectious process or advanced carcinoma. Bilateral breast pain should make one think ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Breast pain (or mastalgia) is a common complaint that can often be diagnosed by a careful history and physical examination. Pain and tenderness may be normal during early... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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The occurrence of a new palpable breast mass or a breast lesion on mammography is a common problem in clinical practice. Although breast lumps are a serious concern because of the risk of cancer, most breast lumps and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Gynecomastia, or breast swelling, refers to a noninflammatory enlargement of the male breast. It is defined histologically as a benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the male breast and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Developing a differential of this condition can be done either histologically or with the mnemonic MINT. After all, once each structure or tissue is identified the significant lesions are either inflammatory or neoplastic. Let us apply the
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... A purulent discharge from the breast, just like a purulent discharge from any other body orifice, should signify inflammation (mastitis or breast abscess), yet this is not the most common cause of a nonbloody discharge from the breast.
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... Division of the breast anatomically into various components is interesting but not worthwhile in the differential diagnosis of breast pain. It is rather more instructive and
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... Nipple discharge can occur spontaneously or can be elicited by nipple stimulation. It’s characterized as intermittent or constant, unilateral or bilateral, and by color, consistency, and composition. Its incidence increases with... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Nipple retraction, the inward displacement of the nipple below the level of surrounding breast tissue, may indicate an inflammatory breast lesion or cancer. It results from scar tissue formation within a lesion or large... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Usually a late sign of breast cancer, peau d’orange (orange peel skin) is the edematous thickening and pitting of breast skin. This slowly developing sign can also occur with... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A commonly reported gynecologic sign, a breast nodule has two chief causes: benign breast disease and cancer. Benign breast disease, the leading cause of nodules, can stem from cyst formation in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... An unreliable indicator of cancer, breast pain commonly results from benign breast disease. It may occur during rest or movement and may be aggravated by manipulation or palpation. (Breast tenderness ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Breast dimpling — the puckering or retraction of skin on the breast — results from abnormal attachment of the skin to underlying tissue. It suggests an inflammatory or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Appearing on the nipple, areola, or the breast itself, an ulcer indicates destruction of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A breast ulcer is usually a late sign of cancer, appearing well after the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Galactorrhea
Hyperprolactinemia
Normoprolactinemic galactorrhea
Idiopathic galactorrhea
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... Breast cancer occurs more commonly in the left breast than the right and more commonly in the outer upper quadrant. Growth rates vary. Theoretically, slow-growing breast cancer may take up to 8 years to become palpable at... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Mastitis (parenchymatous inflammation of the mammary glands) and breast engorgement (congestion) are disorders that may affect lactating females. The prognosis for both... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Nipple discharge can occur spontaneously or can be elicited by nipple stimulation. It’s characterized as intermittent or constant, unilateral or bilateral, and by color, consistency, and composition. Its incidence increases with... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Nipple retraction, the inward displacement of the nipple below the level of surrounding breast tissue, may indicate an inflammatory breast lesion or cancer. It results from scar tissue formation... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Usually a late sign of breast cancer, peau d’orange (orange peel skin) is the edematous thickening and pitting of breast skin. This slowly developing sign can also occur with breast or axillary... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A commonly reported gynecologic sign, a breast nodule has two chief causes: benign breast disease and cancer. Benign breast disease, the leading cause of nodules, can stem from cyst formation in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... An unreliable indicator of cancer, breast pain commonly results from benign breast disease. It may occur during rest or movement and may be aggravated by manipulation or palpation. (Breast tenderness refers to pain elicitedby... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Breast dimpling—the puckering or retraction of skin on the breast—results from abnormal attachment of the skin to underlying tissue. It suggests an inflammatory or malignant mass beneath the skin surface and usually represents... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Appearing on the nipple, areola, or the breast itself, an ulcer indicates destruction of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A breast ulcer is usually a late sign of cancer, appearing well after the confirming diagnosis. However, it may be the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers
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Nipple Discharge
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Joyce A. Copeland
Approach The evaluation of a nipple discharge in the nonpregnant female patient helps determine if the cause is physiologic, pathologic, or is a &ldquo... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment (1,2)
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Breast Mass
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Joyce A. Copeland
Approach The goal of the evaluation of a breast mass is to differentiate masses that are cancerous from benign masses in a timely and cost-effective... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
Breast Mass
❑ Fibrocystic disease
❑ Fibroadenoma
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women and is the number two killer (after lung cancer) of women ages 35 to 54. It occurs in men, though only rarely. (See Breast cancer in men.) The overall breast cancer... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Nipple discharge can occur spontaneously or can be elicited by nipple stimulation. It’s characterized as intermittent or constant, as unilateral or bilateral, and by color, consistency, and composition.... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Nipple retraction, the inward displacement of the nipple below the level of surrounding breast tissue, may indicate an inflammatory breast lesion or cancer. It results from scar tissue... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Usually a late sign of breast cancer, peau d’orange (orange peel skin) is the edematous thickening and pitting of breast skin. This slowly developing sign can also occur with breast or axillary lymph node infection,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A commonly reported gynecologic sign, a breast nodule (also known as a breast lump) has two chief causes: benign breast disease and cancer. Benign breast disease, the leading cause of nodules, can... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An unreliable indicator of cancer, breast pain commonly results from benign breast disease. Also known as mastalgia, breast pain may occur during rest or movement and may be aggravated... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Abnormal breast enlargement can occur atany age in girls and boys. Principal Causes of Breast Enlargement Infectious Cellulitis/abscess Noninfectious ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Nipple discharge can occur spontaneously or can be elicited by nipple stimulation. It's characterized as intermittent or constant, unilateral or bilateral, and by color, consistency, and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nipple retraction, the inward displacement of the nipple below the level of surrounding breast tissue, may indicate an inflammatory breast lesion or cancer. It results from scar tissue formation within a lesion or large... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Usually a late sign of breast cancer, peau d'orange (orange peel skin) is the edematous thickening and pitting of breast skin. This slowly developing sign can also occur with breast or axillary lymph node infection,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A commonly reported gynecologic sign, a breast nodule has two chief causes: benign breast disease and cancer. Benign breast disease, the leading cause of nodules, can stem from cyst... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An unreliable indicator of cancer, breast pain commonly results from benign breast disease. It may occur during rest or movement and may be aggravated by manipulation or palpation. (Breast tenderness refers to pain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Breast dimpling—the puckering or retraction of skin on the breast—results from abnormal attachment of the skin to underlying tissue. It suggests an inflammatory or malignant mass beneath the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Appearing on the nipple, areola, or the breast itself, an ulcer indicates destruction of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A breast ulcer is usually a late sign of cancer, appearing well after the confirming diagnosis. Breast... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Developing a differential of this condition can be done either
histologically or with the mnemonic MINT. After all,
once each structure or
tissue is identified, the significant lesions are either inflammatory or ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
A purulent discharge from the breast, just like a purulent discharge
from any other body orifice, should signify inflammation (mastitis or breast
abscess), yet this is not the most common cause of a nonbloody... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Division of the breast anatomically into various components is
interesting but not worthwhile in the differential diagnosis of breast pain.
It is rather more instructive and practical to use VINDICATE in ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
