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Is there associated fever? Delirium with fever may simply indicate a self-limited infectious process, but it should bring to mind encephalitis and meningitis as well as ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a history of drug or alcohol ingestion? Hallucinations are common during alcohol withdrawal but also may be noted in cocaine addiction, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... Most of us have heard these sounds on ourselves after consuming a large quantity of liquid. If they are heard with the stethoscope in a patient with abdominal disturbance, they are of
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Is there a history of drug or alcohol ingestion? Many drugs may be associated with delusions, especially cocaine, PCP, and LSD. The ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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An acute confusional state caused by a disturbance in global cortical function. Features include disturbance of consciousness, change in cognition, fluctuations of symptoms, and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hallucinations are psychotic symptoms in which patients perceive stimuli that do not exist. Any of the five senses (auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory) may be involved,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Decreased bowel sounds can be as innocent as a hungry patient anticipating a next meal or as ominous as an impending abdominal catastrophe necessitating emergent laparotomy. However, the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Despite extensive efforts to evaluate and classify the sounds of the bowel using advanced technology, correlation of sounds to physiology using manometry and/or auscultation, meaningful interpretation of bowel sounds... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Decreased breath sounds represent either decreased flow of air through the airway or decreased transmission of sound across the chest wall. Lung pathology is a common etiology; however, physical causes such as obesity... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Cardiac auscultation should be performed in a systematic manner. Normal heart sounds (S1, S2) should be identified, and the precordium should be examined for... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Delusions are firmly held, stable, but false beliefs that are not consistent with educational or cultural background and are not given up even in the face of contrary evidence. They are an essential feature of... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Delirium is an alteration in consciousness that can be associated with hallucinations, disorientation, and delusions. Normal thought processes are altered, including judgment, and rational behavior may be lost. Causes are typically... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hallucinations are defined as perceptual experiences that do not occur in reality. They may be auditory (most common), visual, tactile, or olfactory.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Abnormal heart sounds are common in pediatric patients and usually benign. Approximately 50% of children will have an innocent murmur at some time, compared to a 1% incidence of congenital heart disease (nearly all... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Decreased bowel sounds can be as innocent as a hungry patient anticipating his or her next meal or as ominous as an impending abdominal catastrophe necessitating emergent laparotomy. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Normal bowel sounds (BS) are intermittent low-to-medium-pitched gurgles interspersed with occasional high-pitched, tinkling metallic sounds heard every 10–30 seconds. In acute intestinal obstruction (mostly small bowel) the BS... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for coma and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard.
V—Vascular disorders of the
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... A hallucination is seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, or tasting something that is not there. Auditory hallucinations without evidence of mental deterioration usually indicate schizophrenia, but epilepsy, drug toxicity, and
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... A delusion is a persistent false belief. The feeling that one is being followed or watched, that one has a bad odor even after frequent and careful bathing, that one is superior to others—all are examples of
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... Psychotic behavior reflects an inability or unwillingness to recognize and acknowledge reality and to relate with others. It may begin suddenly or insidiously, progressing from vague complaints... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A complex partial seizure occurs when a focal seizure begins in the temporal lobe and causes a partial alteration of consciousness — usually confusion. Psychomotor seizures... History ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Absent bowel sounds refers to an inability to hear any bowel sounds with a stethoscope in any quadrant after listening for at least 5 minutes. Bowel sounds cease when mechanical or vascular... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They're commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characteristics... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Hypoactive bowel sounds, detected by auscultation, are diminished in regularity, tone, and loudness from normal bowel sounds. In themselves, hypoactive bowel sounds don't herald an... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Psychotic behavior reflects an inability or unwillingness to recognize and acknowledge reality and to relate with others. It may begin suddenly or insidiously, progressing... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A complex partial seizure occurs when a focal seizure begins in the temporal lobe and causes a partial alteration of consciousness—usually confusion. Psychomotor seizures can occur at any... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Absent bowel sounds refers to an inability to hear any bowel sounds through a stethoscope after listening for at least 5 minutes in each abdominal quadrant. Bowel sounds cease when mechanical or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Hypoactive bowel sounds, detected by auscultation, are diminished in regularity, tone, and loudness from normal bowel sounds. In themselves, hypoactive bowel sounds don’t herald an emergency; in fact, they... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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Delirium
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Linda P. Shields
Delirium, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criterion (1), is a condition involving an acute... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment.
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... Differential Overview
Phenomena
❑ S4 gallop
❑ Midsystolic click
❑ S3 gallop ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
Systemic
❑ Drugs/toxins
❑ Sepsis
❑ Hypoglycemia ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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Bowel sounds, absent
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Absent bowel sounds refers to an inability to hear bowel sounds through a stethoscope after listening for at least 5 minutes in each abdominal quadrant. Bowel sounds cease when... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Psychotic behavior reflects an inability or unwillingness to recognize and acknowledge reality and to relate with others. It may begin suddenly or insidiously, progressing from vague complaints of fatigue, insomnia, or... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A complex partial seizure occurs when a focal seizure begins in the temporal lobe and causes a partial alteration of consciousness — usually confusion. Psychomotor seizures can occur at any age, but incidence... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Absent bowel sounds, or silent abdomen, refers to an inability to hear any bowel sounds through a stethoscope after listening for at least 5 minutes in each abdominal quadrant. Bowel... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds.... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Hypoactive bowel sounds, detected by auscultation, are diminished in regularity, tone, and loudness from normal bowel sounds. They may portend absent bowel sounds, which can indicate a life-threatening disorder. ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Psychotic behavior reflects an inability or unwillingness to recognize and acknowledge reality and to relate with others. It may begin suddenly or insidiously, progressing from vague complaints of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A complex partial seizure occurs when a focal seizure begins in the temporal lobe and causes a partial alteration of consciousness—usually confusion. Psychomotor seizures can occur at any age, but their incidence usually increases... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Absent bowel sounds refers to an inability to hear any bowel sounds with a stethoscope in any quadrant after listening for at least 5 minutes in each quadrant. Bowel sounds cease when mechanical or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They're commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characteristics... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Hypoactive bowel sounds, detected by auscultation, are diminished in regularity, tone, and loudness from normal bowel sounds. They don't herald an emergency; in fact, they're considered normal during sleep. Hypoactive... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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...
The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for
coma, and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard.
V—
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...
A delusion is a persistent false belief. The feeling that one is being
followed or watched, that one has a bad odor even after frequent and careful
bathing, that one is superior to others&
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...
A hallucination is seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, or tasting
something that is not there. Auditory hallucinations without evidence of
mental deterioration usually indicate schizophrenia,
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