Glossary for Abnormal blood smear findings in children
Medical terms related to Abnormal blood smear findings in children or mentioned in this section include:
- Abdominal Pain: Pain in the abdominal area or stomach.
- Abnormal blood test symptoms: Abnormal results from diagnostic blood tests.
- Abnormal pain: The abnormal presence of pain that one may feel
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by an abnormal immune system response which leads to the destruction of red blood cells and hence anemia. The severity of the condition varies depending on the underlying cause e.g. cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, HIV and lupus. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
- Bleeding symptoms: Any type of bleeding symptoms.
- Blood conditions: Conditions that affect the blood
- Blood symptoms: Symptoms affecting the blood and its blood cells.
- Child health symptoms: Symptoms related to pediatric (child) health.
- DIC: DIC s a syndrome triggered by a number of medical conditions including malignancy, infection and liver disease, and results in consumption of clotting factors in the blood.
- Digestive symptoms: Any symptoms affecting the digestive tract.
- Fatigue: Excessive tiredness or weakness.
- Head symptoms: Symptoms affecting the head or brain
- Hemoglobin SC: A genetic blood disorder where the patient inherits a gene for hemoglobin S from one parent and hemoglobin C from another. Severity of symptoms is variable.
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome: A rare condition characterized by acute kidney failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia (reduced blood platelet count). The condition is often caused by upper respiratory infections or infectious diarrhea.
- Hereditary spherocytic hemolytic anemia: An inherited blood disorder where a metabolic defect causes defects in the red blood cells membranes which leads to their characteristic spherical shape (normal cells are doughnut shaped) and premature destruction.
- Hereditary spherocytosis: A rare genetic condition characterized by a defect of the red blood cell membrane. It is characterized by abnormally-shaped red blood cells which are spherical rather than doughnut-shaped. The abnormal red blood cells are broken down by the spleen sooner than normal which leads to problems such as anemia. There are various subtypes of the disorder which are distinguished by the origin of the underlying genetic defect.
- Hypersplenism: A condition which is characterized by the exaggeration of blood degrading function of the spleen
- Iron deficiency: When there is a deficiency of iron in the body
- Ivemark II: A lethal syndrome characterized by lack of spleen function as well as kidney, liver, pancreatic and heart abnormalities. The condition generally results in death within days of birth.
- Ivemark Syndrome: A rare progressive disorder characterized by absence or abnormal development of the spleen and malformations of the heart vessels.
- Lead poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to lead.
- Liver symptoms: Symptoms affecting the liver
- Megaloblastic anemia: A rare blood disorder where insufficient vitamin B12 absorption results in reduced production of red blood cells and increased levels of abnormal, enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts). Vitamin B12 insufficiency can result from absorption problems or lack of dietary intake of the vitamin or folic acid.
- Muscle weakness: Weakness of the muscles or loss of tone
- Myelofibrosis: A rare condition where progressive scarring or fibrosis of the bone marrow impairs it's ability to make blood cells causing symptoms such as anemia and liver and spleen enlargement.
- Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis: Formation of fibrous tissue in the bone marrow in response to bone marrow damage.
- Nerve symptoms: Symptoms affecting the nerves
- Pernicious anemia: A megaloblastic anaemia due to malabsorption of the vitamin B12
- Sickle Cell Anemia: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are crescent-shaped rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are unable to function normally and tend to undergo premature destruction which leads to anemia. If the genetic defect which causes the condition is inherited from both parents the condition can be quite severe whereas if it is inherited from only one parent, often there are no symptoms. The abnormally shaped red blood cells can cause problems when they clump together and block blood vessels.
- Sickle cell anemia: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are crescent-shaped rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are unable to function normally and tend to undergo premature destruction which leads to anemia. If the genetic defect which causes the condition is inherited from both parents the condition can be quite severe whereas if it is inherited from only one parent, often there are no symptoms. The abnormally shaped red blood cells can cause problems when they clump together and block blood vessels.
- Thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. There are two subtypes of the disorder (? and ?) depending on what portion of the hemoglobin is abnormally synthesized. Each of these subtypes can be further classified depending on the number of thalassemia genes involved. A total of four genes is needed to make each ? protein chains and two genes are needed to make each ? chain. The main symptom is anemia, the severity of which can vary amongst patients depending on how many defective genes are involved.
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, acquired: A rare blood condition where small blood clots form in blood vessels which reduces the number of blood platelets and results in kidney failure, neurological symptoms and anemia. The condition may be familial or acquired - symptoms tend to recur regularly in the familial form.
- Uremia: Build up of toxins usually excreted by the kidneys, associated with real failure in a woman who is pregnant.
- Wilms tumour and radial bilateral aplasia:
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