Prevalence and Incidence of Open-angle glaucoma
Prevalance of Open-angle glaucoma:
about 3 million Americans, many not yet diagnosed. ... see also overview of Open-angle glaucoma.
Prevalance Rate:
approx 1 in 90 or 1.10% or 3 million people in USA [Source statistic for calcuation: "about 3 million Americans, many not yet diagnosed." -- see also general information about data sources]
Open-angle glaucoma Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Undiagnosed prevalence of Open-angle glaucoma:
1 to 1.5 million (about half of 3 million Americans) ... see also misdiagnosis of Open-angle glaucoma.
Undiagnosed prevalence rate:
approx 1 in 272 or 0.37% or 1 million people in USA [about data] ... Note: this rate calculation uses the following statistic: 1 to 1.5 million (about half of 3 million Americans)
Prevalence/Incidence of Open-angle glaucoma: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Open-angle glaucoma.
Glaucoma:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Chronic open-angle glaucoma results from overproduction of aqueous humor or obstruction to its outflow through the trabecular meshwork or the canal of Schlemm. (See Normal flow of aqueous humor, page 1184.) This form of glaucoma, which is estimated to be present in 1% to 2% of people older than age 40, is frequently familial in origin and affects 90% of all patients with glaucoma. Diabetes and systemic hypertension have also been associated with this form of glaucoma.
Acute angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma results from obstruction to the outflow of aqueous humor due to anatomically narrow angles between the anterior iris and the posterior corneal surface, shallow anterior chambers, a thickened iris that causes angle closure on pupil dilation, or a bulging iris that presses on the trabeculae, closing the angle (peripheral anterior synechiae).
Blacks are four times more likely to have this disorder than whites, and people with a family history of open-angle glaucoma are twice as likely to develop it than people without a family history of this disorder. The use of systemic anticholinergic medications, such as atropine or eye dilation drops, in a person who’s already at high-risk for acute glaucoma increases the risk. Other risk factors include farsightedness and age-related changes that create an increase in intraocular pressure.
Congenital glaucoma occurs when there is an abnormal fluid drainage angle of the eye. It may be caused by congenital infections such as TORCH virus (toxoplasmosis, other [varicella, mumps, parvovirus, human immunodeficiency virus], rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes), Sturge-Weber syndrome, or retinopathy of prematurity.
Secondary glaucoma can result from uveitis, trauma, or drugs (such as steroids). Neovascularization in the angle can result from vein occlusion or diabetes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Simple goiter:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Simple goiter occurs when the thyroid gland can’t secrete enough thyroid hormone to meet metabolic requirements. As a result, the thyroid gland enlarges to compensate for inadequate hormone synthesis, a compensation that usually overcomes mild to moderate hormonal impairment. Because thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are generally within normal limits in patients with simple goiter, goitrogenicity probably results from impaired intrathyroidal hormone synthesis and depletion of glandular iodine, which increases the thyroid gland’s sensitivity to TSH. However, increased levels of TSH may be transient and therefore missed.
Endemic goiter usually results from inadequate dietary intake of iodine, which leads to inadequate secretion of thyroid hormone. Since the introduction of iodized salt in the United States, cases of endemic goiter have virtually disappeared.
Sporadic goiter commonly results from the ingestion of large amounts of goitrogenic foods or the use of goitrogenic drugs. Goitrogenic foods, such as rutabagas, cabbage, soybeans, peanuts, peaches, peas, strawberries, spinach, and radishes, contain agents that decrease thyroxine (T4) production. Goitrogenic drugs include propylthiouracil, iodides, phenylbutazone, para-aminosalicylic acid, cobalt, and lithium. In a pregnant woman, these substances may cross the placenta and affect the fetus.
Inherited defects may be responsible for insufficient T4 synthesis or impaired iodine metabolism. Because families tend to congregate in a single geographic area, this familial factor may contribute to the incidence of both endemic and sporadic goiters.
Females are more commonly affected than males. Incidence increases after age 40.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Open-angle glaucoma usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Open-angle glaucoma at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Open-angle glaucoma refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Open-angle glaucoma diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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