...
Are there exudates? This is a key question when evaluating a sore throat. Most cases of sore throat with exudates will be found to have streptococcal pharyngitis. Without exudates, one could still have a streptococcal sore throat, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Is there generalized pigmentation? The findings of generalized pigmentation would suggest Addison's disease, arsenic poisoning, and occasionally hemochromatosis. When there is no generalized pigmentation, one should suspect Peutz-Jeghers ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Sore throat is a common symptom. Many patients incorrectly believe that antibiotics improve the clinical course in all sore throats. Although the vast majority of sore throats are of viral origin and should be managed conservatively, an appropriate history and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Recurrent oral erosions are most often secondary to herpes simplex virus or idiopathic aphthous stomatitis. A thorough review of systems and complete skin exam are the best tools to assure diagnostic accuracy, particularly in light of the fact that serious medical... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Most sore throats and coughs are due to infection. Children may have 5–8 upper respiratory infections per year. The primary differential is between viral and bacterial etiologies, especially group A β-hemolytic streptococcus.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Breaking down the orophraynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE to establish the etiologies. Further analyzing the differential
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Most of these lesions are tumors, but because some are caused by other etiologies, it is well to use the mnemonic MINT to review the possibilities.
M—Malformations include dermoid cysts, ranula, Wharton duct cysts or stones,
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, gingivae, or mucous membranes. Many are... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Throat pain — commonly known as a sore throat — refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe pain. It... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa that may extend to the buccal mucosa, lips, and palate. It’s a common infection that may occur alone or as part of a systemic disease. There are two main types: acute herpetic stomatitis and... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, gingivae, or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Throat pain—commonly known as a sore throat—refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe pain. It’s commonly accompanied by ear... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Differential Overview
❑ Rhinovirus
❑ Group A streptococci
❑ Ebstein-Barr virus
❑ Adenovirus
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Differential Overview
Ulceration
❑ Aphthous ulcers
❑ Angular cheilitis
❑ Herpes simplex
&... Clinical Findings
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A common infection, stomatitis — inflammation of the oral mucosa — may extend to the buccal mucosa, lips, and palate. It may occur alone or as part of a systemic disease.
There are two main types: acute herpetic stomatitis and aphthous... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, gingivae, or mucous... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Throat pain — also known as a sore throat — refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe pain.... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...Sore throat refers to any painful sensationof the pharynx or surrounding tissues and is a common complaintin childhood and adolescence. Principal Causes of Sore Throat Infection Pharyngitis/tonsillitis Viral Bacterial Group A Streptococcus ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, gingivae, or mucous... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Throat pain—commonly known as a sore throat—refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe pain. It's commonly accompanied by ear... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Breaking down the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic
components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of
sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE to
establish the etiologies. Further analyzing the... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Most of these lesions are tumors, but because some are caused by other
etiologies, it is well to use the mnemonic MINT to review the
possibilities.
M—Malformations include dermoid cysts, ranula, Wharton duct cysts
or stones, mucous cysts, and
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Author:
Anjali Subbaswamy, MD
What To Do - Make a Decision, Take Action
Live vaccines are composed of viral or bacterial strains that are deprived
of their pathogenicity but can still replicate in the organism into which... Suggested Readings
... READ EXCERPTS »
Are yeast infections sexually transmitted? Many women think so, but in fact yeast infections almost always appear on their own, with or without...
Since childhood you've learned that brushing and flossing should be part of your daily routine to prevent the buildup of plaque. Join us for a...
"I never use an exfoliant in the morning", "I always use a heavy moisturizer before going to bed". We each have our own long-held beliefs about our...
Though erectile dysfunction and other sexual hindrances can have biological causes, for many the problem is psychological. Performance anxiety can be...
