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Is there a history of drug, caffeine, or alcohol ingestion? The hangover headache is well known and should not present a problem in diagnosis. Caffeine withdrawal headaches are also common because of the large amount of caffeine consumed in coffee, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it transient? Transient blindness may occur in transient ischemic attacks, epilepsy, migraine, and hypertension.
Is it a sudden onset? The sudden onset of blindness may occur in optic neuritis, retinal vein thrombosis, central retinal ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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A subjective sensory phenomenon that may involve any of the five senses, such as visual auras (often described as flashing lights), sensory auras (paresthesias), or auditory auras. Other auras may be described as dreamlike or déjà vu sensations, or odd odors. The type of symptom may be... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Headache is one of the most common primary care complaints. It may be an isolated or recurrent event; it may be idiopathic or secondary to an underlying structural lesion; or it may simply require an analgesic for pain relief or a complete and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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By age 7, 40% of children will have experienced headaches. By age 15, this figure rises to 75%. Headache can be the presenting symptom of a neurologic emergency such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, or of a chronic and common disease such as migraine. The pattern of onset, duration, and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... This symptom is best analyzed by using anatomy, as seen in Tables 32 and 33 , but differentiation by pathophysiology is interesting, particularly in muscle traction headaches and migraines.
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... The causes of blurred vision and blindness can best be recalled with the use of anatomy. If the path of light is followed through the eye to the nervous system, the various components of the eye and nervous system that may be involved may be considered in terms of the
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... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor. (See Recognizing types of auras.)
... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... The most common neurologic symptom, headaches may be localized or generalized, producing mild to severe pain About 90% of all headaches are benign and can be described as vascular, muscle-contraction, or a combination of both. (See Clinical features... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Muscle contraction (tension)
Migraine
Cluster (histamine) headache
Nonmigrainous vascular causes
Effort (physical activity)
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... Signs and Symptoms Sudden onset of fever, headache, vomiting, meningeal irritation (stiff neck and back), drowsiness, coma, paralysis, seizures, ataxia, psychoses
Treatment (Tx) Anticonvulsants, acyclovir (if viral),... Pictures
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... The most common patient complaint, headache usually occurs as a symptom of an underlying disorder. Ninety percent of all headaches are vascular, muscle contraction, or a combination; 10% are due to underlying intracranial, systemic, or... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... West Nile encephalitis is categorized as an infectious disease that primarily causes an inflammation or “encephalitis” of the brain. West Nile virus (WNV), a flavivirus commonly found in humans, birds, and other vertebrates in Africa, west Asia, and the Middle East... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Cutaneous larva migrans, also known as creeping eruption, is a skin reaction to infestation by nematodes (hookworms or roundworms) that usually infect dogs and cats. Eruptions associated with cutaneous larva migrans clear completely with... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor. (See ... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... The most common neurologic symptom, headaches may be localized or generalized, producing mild to severe pain. About 90% of all headaches are benign and can be described as vascular, muscle-contraction, or a combination of both. (See Comparing benign... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Often difficult to identify, night blindness refers to impaired vision in the dark, especially after entering a darkened room or while driving at night. A symptom of choroidal and retinal degeneration, night blindness occurs in various ocular disorders and as an early... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Robert B. Taylor
Headache is one of the 20 most frequent reasons patients visit primary care providers in the United States. Migraine headache, one of the common causes of recurrent headache, occurred one or more times... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Migraine
❑ Tension
❑ Acute sinusitis
❑ Acute glaucoma
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... A severe inflammation of the brain, encephalitis is usually caused by a mosquito-borne or, in some areas, a tick-borne virus. Viruses transmitted by arthropods are arboviruses (arthropod-borne). Transmission by means other than arthropod bites... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... The most common patient complaint, headache usually occurs as a symptom of an underlying disorder. Ninety percent of all headaches are vascular, muscle contraction, or a combination; 10% are due to underlying intracranial, systemic, or psychological disorders. ... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... West Nile encephalitis, part of a family of vectorborne diseases that also includes malaria, yellow fever, and Lyme disease, is an infectious disease that primarily causes encephalitis (inflammation) of the brain. It’s caused by the West... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor. (See ... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... The most common neurologic symptom, headaches may be localized or generalized, producing mild to severe pain. About 90% of all headaches are benign and can be described as vascular, muscle-contraction, or a combination of both. (See Comparing benign headaches.)
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... Usually difficult to identify, night blindness (or nyctalopia) refers to impaired vision in the dark, especially after entering a darkened room or while driving at night. A symptom of choroidal and retinal degeneration, night blindness occurs in various ocular... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...In most children, headache is not due toa serious cause. Diagnostic dilemma is to determine which childrenhave serious underlying pathology. Principal Causes of Headache Tension-typeheadache Vascular headache ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Table 25.1. Anatomic Location of Common Intracranial Neoplasms ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... An aura is a sensory or motor phenomenon, idea, or emotion that marks the initial stage of a seizure or the approach of a classic migraine headache. Auras may be classified as cognitive, affective, psychosensory, or psychomotor. (See Recognizing types of auras.)
When... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... The most common neurologic symptom, headaches may be localized or generalized, producing mild to severe pain. About 90% of headaches are benign and can be described as vascular, muscle-contraction, or a combination of both. (See Clinical features of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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The causes of blurred vision and blindness can best be recalled with
the use of anatomy. If the path of light is followed through the eye
to the nervous system, the various components of the eye and nervous system
that may... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
This symptom is best analyzed by using anatomy, as seen in Tables
32 and 33, but differentiation by pathophysiology is
interesting, particularly in muscle traction headaches and migraines.
Moving by layers from the skin to the center of the brain is... Pictures
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... Brad C. Klein, MD, MBA Headache and Migraine - BASICS Headache and Migraine - description Primary headache: No underlying condition (migraine, tension headache, cluster headache) Secondary headache: ... Headache and Migraine - DIAGNOSIS ... Headache and Migraine - TREATMENT ... Headache and Migraine - bibliography ... Headache and Migraine - CODES ... Headache and Migraine - FAQ
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Pain from migraines can be so debilitating that it affects a sufferer's ability to carry on his or her daily activities and diminishes his or her...
Migraine headaches can do more than ruin your day - they can interfere with your life. But migraines can be managed. Learn what can be done to...