Treatments for Male conditions
Hospital statistics for Male conditions:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Male conditions:
- Hospitalization statistics in Australia:
- 0.55% (21,833) of hospital episodes were for diseases of the male genital organs in public hospitals in Australia 2001-02 (Australian Hospital Data, AIHW, Australia, 2001-02)
- 40% of hospitalisations for diseases of the male genital organs were single day episodes in public hospitals in Australia 2001-02 (Australian Hospital Data, AIHW, Australia, 2001-02)
- 88% of hospitalisations in public hospitals for diseases of the male genital organs were by public patients in Australia 2001-02 (Australian Hospital Data, AIHW, Australia, 2001-02)
- 12% of hospitalisations in public hospitals for diseases of the male genital organs were by private patients in Australia 2001-02 (Australian Hospital Data, AIHW, Australia, 2001-02)
- more hospital information...»
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Priapism:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Immediate urologic consultation is indicated
-
Local: Ice packs; ice water enemas; if not effective, use hot water enemas; pressure dressing
-
Medical: Sedatives; analgesics; may require narcotics; antispasmodic/anticholinergic drugs; estrogens; anticoagulants; procaine; amyl nitrate; IV fluids
-
Injection: Local or general anesthesia; ketamine (IV or IM)
-
Invasive: aspiration of the corpora cavernosa followed by injection of α-adrenergic agonist (e.g., phenylephrine,
which may be repeated at 5 minute intervals)
-
Surgery (urology referral): Cavernospongiosum shunt; glans-cavernosum shunt; cavernosaphenous shunt; arterial embolization
-
Sickle cell disease: IV fluids; alkalinization; transfusion or exchange-transfusion; supplemental O2
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Scrotal Swelling:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Hydrocele
–Usually resolves spontaneously by 1 year of age
–Surgery is indicated at 6–12 months if stable, sooner if hydrocele is tense or progressively enlarging
-
Hernia
–Inguinal hernias must be repaired surgically to avoid incarceration
–Contralateral side is frequently explored surgically and closed if necessary
-
Varicocele: Can be associated with infertility and may need to be surgically repaired
-
Edema: Treatment of the cause of generalized edema
-
Tumor and leukemia: Management by pediatric oncologist
-
Men and teenage boys should be taught testicular self-examination to assist with early detection of testicular cancer
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Priapism:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If the patient has priapism, apply an ice pack to the penis, administer an analgesic, and insert an indwelling urinary catheter to relieve urine retention. Procedures to remove blood from the corpora cavernosa, such as irrigation and surgery, may be required.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Scrotal swelling:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If severe pain accompanies scrotal swelling, ask the patient when the swelling began. Using a Doppler stethoscope, evaluate blood flow to the testicle. If it’s decreased or absent, suspect testicular torsion and prepare the patient for surgery. Withhold food and fluids, insert an I.V. line, and apply an ice pack to the scrotum to reduce pain and swelling. An attempt may be made to untwist the cord manually, but even if this is successful, the patient may still require surgery for stabilization.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Male infertility:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
When anatomic dysfunction or infection causes infertility, treatment consists of correcting the underlying problem. A varicocele requires surgical repair or removal. For patients with sexual dysfunction, treatment includes education, counseling or therapy (on sexual techniques, coital frequency, and reproductive physiology), and proper nutrition with vitamin supplements. Decreased follicle-stimulating hormone levels may respond to vitamin B therapy; decreased LH levels, to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy. Normal or elevated LH level requires low dosages of testosterone. Decreased testosterone levels, decreased semen motility, and volume disturbances may respond to hCG.
A patient with oligospermia who has a normal history and physical examination, normal hormonal assays, and no signs of systemic disease requires emotional support and counseling, adequate nutrition, multivitamins, and selective therapeutic agents, such as clomiphene, hCG, and low dosages of testosterone. Obvious alternatives to such treatment are adoption and artificial insemination.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Precocious puberty in males:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Boys with idiopathic precocious puberty generally require no medical treatment and suffer no physical complications in adulthood. Supportive psychological counseling is the most important therapy.
When precocious puberty is caused by tumors, the outlook is less encouraging. Brain tumors necessitate neurosurgery but may resist treatment and prove fatal. Testicular tumors may be treated by removing the affected testis (orchiectomy). Malignant tumors require chemotherapy and lymphatic radiation therapy. The prognosis is generally good, depending on tumor histology and degree of differentiation.
Adrenogenital syndrome that causes precocious puberty may respond to lifelong therapy with maintenance doses of glucocorticoids (cortisol) to inhibit corticotropin production.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Priapism:
Emergency Interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient has priapism, apply an ice pack to the penis, administer an analgesic, and insert an indwelling urinary catheter to relieve urine retention. Procedures to remove blood from the corpora cavernosa, such as irrigation and surgery, may be required.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Scrotal swelling:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If severe pain accompanies scrotal swelling, ask when the swelling began. Using a Doppler stethoscope, evaluate blood flow to the testicle. If it’s decreased or absent, suspect testicular torsion and prepare the patient for surgery. Withhold food and fluids, insert an I.V. line, and apply an ice pack to the scrotum to reduce pain and swelling. An attempt may be made to untwist the cord manually, but even if this is successful, the patient may still require surgery for stabilization.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Genital lesions in the male:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Explain to the patient how to use prescribed ointments or creams. Advise him to use a heat lamp to dry moist lesions or to take sitz baths to relieve crusting and itching. Also, instruct him to report any changes in the lesions.
Explain to male patients that condoms effectively prevent many STDs when used correctly. Advise them to use a new condom for each coitus; to avoid damaging the condom with a sharp object, such as fingernails or teeth; to put the condom on the erect penis before any genital contact; to use only water-based lubricants; to hold the condom firmly while withdrawing the penis; to always withdraw the penis while it’s still erect to avoid premature condom loss; and to check the expiration date on the individual condom packet. Teach the patient that hormonal contraceptives, diaphragms, foams, and jellies don’t protect against STDs.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Infertility, male:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
When anatomic dysfunction or infection causes infertility, treatment consists of correcting the underlying problem. A varicocele requires surgical repair or removal.
For patients with sexual dysfunction, treatment includes education, counseling or therapy (on sexual techniques, coital frequency, and reproductive physiology), and proper nutrition with vitamin supplements.
Decreased follicle-stimulating hormone levels may respond to vitamin B therapy; decreased LH levels may respond to chorionic gonadotropin therapy. A normal or elevated LH level requires low dosages of testosterone. Decreased testosterone levels, decreased semen motility, and volume disturbances may respond to chorionic gonadotropin.
Patients with oligospermia who have a normal history and physical examination, normal hormonal assay results, and no signs of systemic disease require emotional support and counseling, adequate nutrition, multivitamins, and selective therapeutic agents, such as clomiphene, chorionic gonadotropin, and low dosages of testosterone. Obvious alternatives to such treatment are adoption and artificial insemination.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Scrotal swelling:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Keep the patient on bed rest and administer an antibiotic. Provide adequate fluids, fiber, and stool softeners. Place a rolled towel between the patient’s legs and under the scrotum to help reduce severe swelling. Or, if the patient has mild or moderate swelling, advise him to wear a loose-fitting athletic supporter lined with a soft cotton dressing. For several days, administer an analgesic to relieve his pain. Encourage sitz baths, and apply heat or ice packs to decrease inflammation.
Prepare the patient for needle aspiration of fluid-filled cysts and other diagnostic tests, such as lung tomography and computed tomography scan of the abdomen, to rule out malignant tumors.
Patient teaching
Encourage the patient to perform regular testicular self-examinations. Explain the importance of wearing a scrotal support for comfort and to decrease edema.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Scrotal swelling:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If severe pain accompanies scrotal swelling, ask when the swelling began. Using a Doppler stethoscope, evaluate blood flow to the testicle. If it’s decreased or absent, suspect testicular torsion and prepare the patient for surgery. Withhold food and fluids, insert an I.V. line, and apply an ice pack to the scrotum to reduce pain and swelling. An attempt may be made to untwist the cord manually, but even if this is successful, the patient may still require surgery for stabilization.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Genital lesions in the male:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Explain to the patient how to use prescribed ointments or creams. Advise him to use a heat lamp to dry moist lesions or to take sitz baths to relieve crusting and itching. Also, instruct him to report any changes in the lesions.
Explain to male patients that condoms effectively prevent many STDs when used correctly. Advise them to use a new condom for each coitus; to avoid damaging the condom with sharp objects, such as fingernails or teeth; to put the condom on the erect penis before any genital contact; to use only water-based lubricants; to hold the condom firmly while withdrawing the penis; to always withdraw the penis while it’s still erect to avoid premature condom loss; and to check the expiration date on the individual condom packet. Instruct the patient that hormonal contraceptives, diaphragms, foams, and jellies don’t protect against STDs.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Priapism:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Prepare the patient for blood tests to help determine the cause of priapism.
▪ If he requires surgery, keep his penis flaccid postoperatively by applying a pressure dressing.
▪ At least once every 30 minutes, inspect the glans for signs of vascular compromise, such as coolness or pallor.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain the underlying condition and its treatments.
▪ Tell the patient with sickle cell anemia to report episodes of priapism.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Scrotal swelling:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Place the patient on bed rest.
▪ Administer an antibiotic, if ordered.
▪ Provide adequate fluids, fiber, and stool softeners.
▪ Place a rolled towel between the patient's legs and under the scrotum for elevation to help reduce severe swelling.
▪ Apply ice packs to the scrotum.
▪ Administer an analgesic to relieve pain.
▪ Prepare the patient for needle aspiration of fluid-filled cysts and other diagnostic tests, such as lung tomography and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen, to rule out malignant tumors.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain the disorder and treatment plan.
▪ For mild or moderate swelling, advise the patient to wear a loose-fitting athletic supporter lined with a soft cotton dressing.
▪ Tell the patient to use a sitz bath and apply heat or ice packs to decrease inflammation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Genital lesions, male:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Screen every patient with penile lesions for STDs, using the dark-field examination and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test.
▪ Prepare the patient for a biopsy to confirm or rule out penile cancer if indicated.
▪ Provide emotional support, especially if cancer is suspected.
▪ To prevent cross-contamination, wash your hands before and after every patient contact.
▪ Wear gloves when handling urine or performing catheter care.
▪ Dispose of all needles carefully, and double-bag all material contaminated by secretions.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain to the patient the use of creams and ointments.
▪ Discuss methods to reduce crusting and itching.
▪ Emphasize the lesion changes the patient should report.
▪ Discuss and teach the proper use of condoms and safer sex practices.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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