...
Is there systolic hypertension only? The presence of an elevated systolic pressure only would suggest hyperthyroidism, aortic insufficiency, and atherosclerotic aortitis.
Is the hypertension paroxysmal? ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Elevated blood pressure is defined as diastolic BP 90 mmHg or systolic BP ≥140 mmHg. A diagnosis of hypertension requires three separate elevated blood pressure measurements. High normal: 130/85 to 139/89; stage 1: 140/90 to 159/99, stage 2–3: ≥160/100.
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Hypertension is defined as the average (several measurements over time) systolic or diastolic blood pressure greater than the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height. Severe hypertension occurs when these values are greater than the 99th percentile. Patients with blood... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
... With the emphasis placed on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in the past 20 years, every physician has a good knowledge of the causes of hypertension. The list nevertheless, may be incomplete. If consideration is to be given only to the
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Normally, systolic pressure is about 40 mm Hg higher than diastolic pressure. Widened pulse pressure — a difference of more than 50 mm Hg — commonly occurs as a physiologic response... Emergency interventions ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Elevated blood pressure — an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg — strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites. By itself, this common sign is easily ignored by the patient; after
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Systolic and Diastolic
Pseudohypertension (e.g., wrong-sized cuff)
Primary (essential)
Renal causes
Parenchymal
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Precapillary)
Alveolar hypoxemia with vasoconstriction
Most causes of respiratory failure
Chronic obstructive lung disease
... READ EXCERPTS »
... 1. Braunwald E: Heart Disease—A Test Book of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1997.
2. Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14/e. New
... READ EXCERPTS »
... 1. Feldman M, Scharschmidt BF, Sleisenger MH (eds): Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 6/e. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1997.
2. Haubrich WS, Schaffner F, Berk JE (eds): Bockus
... READ EXCERPTS »
... 1. Fauci AS, et al: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14/e. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.
2. Kelly WN, et al: Textbook of Rheumatology, 5/e. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1997.
... READ EXCERPTS »
... 1. Lee GR, et al (eds): Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 10/e. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1998.
2. Williams WJ, et al (eds): Hematology, 5/e. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.
3. Jandl JH (ed):
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Hypertension, an intermittent or sustained elevation in diastolic or systolic blood pressure, occurs as two major types: essential (idiopathic) hypertension, the most common, and secondary hypertension, which results from renal disease or another identifiable cause. Malignant... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Signs and Symptoms Hypertension, papilledema, retinal hemorrhages and exudate, severe headache, vomiting, vision disturbances, transient paralysis, seizures, stupor, coma
Treatment (Tx) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin,
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Renovascular hypertension is a rise in systemic blood pressure resulting from stenosis of the major renal arteries or their branches or from intrarenal atherosclerosis. This narrowing or sclerosis may be partial or complete, and the resulting blood pressure elevation,... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), also known as gestational hypertension, is a potentially life-threatening disorder that usually develops late in the second trimester or in the third trimester. Preeclampsia, the nonconvulsive form of PIH, may be mild or severe. ... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulmonary hypertension occurs when pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rises above normal for reasons other than aging or altitude. No definitive set of values is used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension, but the National Institutes of Health requires... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Normally, systolic pressure is about 40 mm Hg higher than diastolic pressure. Widened pulse pressure—a difference of more than 50 mm Hg—commonly occurs as a... Emergency Interventions ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Elevated blood pressure—an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg—strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites. By itself, this common sign is easily ignored by the patient; after all, he can’t see or feel it... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Duane D. Bland and Jay S. Roitman
One of four American adults has hypertension (HTN) (1). Despite its well-recognized role in cardiovascular disease, close to one-third of those with HTN are still unaware of it. Further, of those diagnosed with HTN,... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Differential Overview
❑ Essential hypertension
❑ White coat hypertension
❑ Renal artery stenosis
❑ Drug-induced hypertension
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An intermittent or a sustained elevation in diastolic or systolic blood pressure, hypertension occurs as two major types: essential (idiopathic) hypertension, the most common, and secondary hypertension, which results from kidney disease or another identifiable cause. Malignant hypertension... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Toxemia of pregnancy, or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), usually develops late in the second trimester or in the third trimester. Preeclampsia, the nonconvulsive form of toxemia, develops in about 7% of pregnancies. It may be mild or severe, and the incidence... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulmonary hypertension occurs when pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rises above normal and isn’t attributable to the effects of aging or altitude. There isn’t a definitive set of values used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension; however, the National Institutes of Health requires... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Normally, systolic pressure is about 40 mm Hg higher than diastolic pressure. Widened pulse pressure — a difference of more than 50 mm Hg — commonly occurs as a... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Normally, systolic pressure is about 40 mm Hg higher than diastolic pressure. Widened pulse pressure — a difference of more than 50 mm Hg — commonly occurs as a physiologic... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Major riskfactor for cardiac, cerebral, and renal vascular disease. For clinical purposes, hypertensioncan be defined as systolic or diastolic BP > ninety-fifth percentilefor age, gender, and height (Tables32.1 and 32.2). Table 32.1. Blood Pressure ... Table 32.2. Blood Pressure Levels for the Ninety-Fifth Percentilesof Blood Pressure for Girls 1–17 Yrs of Age by Percentilesof Height ... Principal Causes of Hypertension ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Table 32.3. Causes of Mineralocorticoid Excess Producing Hypertension ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Normally, systolic pressure is about 40 mm Hg higher than diastolic pressure. Widened pulse pressure—a difference of more than 50 mm Hg—commonly occurs... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Elevated blood pressure or hypertension (an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg) strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites. By itself, this common sign is easily ignored by the patient; after all,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
With the emphasis placed on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension
in the past 20 years, every physician has a good knowledge of the causes of
hypertension. The list nevertheless, may be incomplete. If consideration is
to be given only to... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Author:
Jennifer Maniscalco, MD
What to Do - Gather Appropriate Data
Hypertension during childhood is not rare, with an estimated prevalence
ranging from 1% to 5.8%. Children with hypertension may develop early
abnormalities in... Suggested Readings ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Author:
Mindy Dickerman, MD
What to Do - Make a Decision
After the decision has been made to transfuse blood products, the most appropriate product must be chosen. Donated whole blood and other products
are modified in several... Suggested Readings
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Author: Emily Riehm Meier, MD
What to Do - Take Action
Febrile neutropenia should be considered a medical emergency in children
receiving chemotherapy. Neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil
count (total white blood cell count in thousands... Suggested Readings
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Christine B. Sethna, MD, Ed. MKevin E.C. Meyers, MD Hypertension - BASICS Hypertension - description Hypertension is average systolic and/or diastolic BPs above the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height percentile on at least 3... Hypertension - DIAGNOSIS ... Hypertension - TREATMENT ... Hypertension - FOLLOW UP ... Hypertension - bibliography ... Hypertension - CODES ... Hypertension - PATIENT TEACHING-MED ... Hypertension - FAQ
... READ EXCERPTS »
Millions of Americans have hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, without knowing it. Tune in to learn more about this silent killer.
Hypertension or high blood pressure is a risk factor for heart disease, stroke and other cardiovascular conditions. Fortunately, it can be...
Controlling blood sugar levels are crucial for people with diabetes. But equally important is blood pressure control. High blood pressure and...
It's long been known that diabetes often goes hand-in-hand with high blood pressure. But many of the 11 million Americans that have both...