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Is there redness of the eye? Redness of the eye suggests definite eye pathology. Without redness, one should suspect disease in the adjacent structures or retrobulbar neuritis.
If there is redness, is there ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it transient? If the scotomas are transient, then migraine, transient ischemic attacks, and retrobulbar neuritis should be suspected.
Are there abnormalities on the eye examination other than the ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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A red eye is a diagnostic sign of ocular inflammation, which may be caused by a multitude of conditions. Most cases are benign and can be effectively managed by the primary care physician. Misdiagnosis of the more emergent conditions can have major... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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The most common cause of eye discharge in pediatric patients is viral conjunctivitis. Many clinicians treat viral conjunctivitis as bacterial conjunctivitis because the similarities in history and physical examination make a definitive diagnosis... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Red eye is a “basket” term that encompasses a wide range of ophthalmic conditions. Most conditions are self-limited; however, red eye can be a sign of serious eye disease. Presence of pain helps to distinguish between the more serious eye conditions and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities for eye pain.
M—Malformations most certainly suggest glaucoma and all the refractive disorders (e.g., astigmatism, myopia,
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... Most textbooks consider the causes of red eye as conjunctivitis, iritis, or glaucoma, but it may be the result of taking the night plane from Los Angeles to New York. If these are all the causes you can remember you will be sadly mistaken in some cases. Most of the causes can be quickly
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Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and exact location provide clues to the causative... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Pictures
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... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result from ocular, neurologic, endocrine, and systemic disorders that interfere with the muscles,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a barely detectable loss of visual acuity. Typically, the patient can... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Raccoon eyes are bilateral periorbital ecchymoses that don’t result from facial soft-tissue trauma. Usually an indicator of basilar skull fracture, this sign develops when damage at the time of fracture tears the meninges and causes the venous... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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...Negative oculocephalic reflex
An indicator of brain stem dysfunction, the absence of the doll's eye sign is detected by rapid, gentle turning of the patient's head from side to side. The eyes remain fixed in midposition, instead of the normal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Setting-sun sign refers to the downward deviation of an infant’s or a young child’s eyes as a result of pressure on cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. With this late and ominous sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), both eyes are rotated downward,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Vision, the most complex sense, has recently been the focus of some of the greatest medical and surgical innovations. Disorders that affect the eye generally lead to vision loss or impairment; routine ophthalmic examinations and early treatment can help prevent it. ... Review of anatomy ... Ocular layers ... The lens and accommodation ... Lacrimal apparatus and eyelids ... Depth perception ... Vision testing ... Subjective testing ... Pictures
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... Usually associated with conjunctivitis, an eye discharge is the excretion of any substance other than tears. This common sign may occur in one or both eyes, producing scant to copious discharge. The discharge may be purulent, frothy, mucoid,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result from ocular, neurologic, endocrine, and systemic disorders that interfere with... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a barely detectable loss of visual acuity. Typically, the patient can pinpoint... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... An indicator of brain stem dysfunction, the absence of the doll’s eye sign is detected by rapid, gentle turning of the patient’s head from side to side. The eyes remain fixed in midposition, instead of the normal response of moving laterally toward... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and exact location provide clues to the causative disorder.
Eye... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Raccoon eyes are bilateral periorbital ecchymoses that don’t result from facial soft-tissue trauma. Usually an indicator of basilar skull fracture, this sign develops when damage at the time of fracture tears the meninges and causes the venous sinuses to... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Setting-sun sign refers to the downward deviation of an infant’s or young child’s eyes as a result of pressure on cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. With this late and ominous sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), both eyes are rotated downward, typically revealing an... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... John E. Sutherland
The most frequent causes of “red eye”—conjunctivitis, trauma, allergies, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and lid problems—are usually benign. Some conditions presenting with a red eye, however, require urgent evaluation and... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Michael J. Puk
Scotoma is defined as a blind or partially blind area in the visual field. A basic understanding of neuroanatomy helps to localize the visual field defect. Simply put, pathology anterior to the optic chiasm produces monocular scotomas, whereas... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testin ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Conjunctivitis
❑ Corneal abrasion
❑ Foreign body
❑ Sinusitis
❑ Migraine ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Viral conjunctivitis
❑ Allergic conjunctivitis
❑ Bacterial conjunctivitis
❑ Corneal abrasion ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, itching, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and exact location provide clues to the causative... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result from ocular, neurologic, endocrine, and systemic disorders that interfere with the muscles... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Usually associated with conjunctivitis, an eye discharge is the excretion of any substance other than tears. This common sign may occur in one or both eyes, producing scant to copious discharge. The discharge may be purulent, frothy, mucoid, cheesy, serous, or clear, or a stringy white... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Eye pain, or ophthalmalgia, may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and exact location provide clues to... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result from ocular, neurologic, endocrine, and systemic disorders that interfere with the muscles, nerves... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a barely detectable loss of visual acuity. Typically, the patient can... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Most cases of a red eye are due to relativelyminor infectious or allergic causes. Some cases, however, reflectmore serious eye pathology, which must be investigated further. Principal Causes of Red Eye Conjunctivitis Chemicalsand ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Usually associated with conjunctivitis, eye discharge is the excretion of a substance other than tears. This common sign may occur in one or both eyes, producing scant to copious discharge. The discharge may be purulent, frothy, mucoid, cheesy, serous, or clear or a stringy white discharge.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Ocular deviation refers to abnormal eye movement that may be conjugate (both eyes move together) or disconjugate (one eye moves separately from the other). This common sign may result from ocular, neurologic, endocrine, and systemic disorders that interfere with the muscles, nerves, or brain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a barely detectable loss of visual acuity. Typically, the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An indicator of brain stem dysfunction, the absence of the doll's eye sign is detected by rapid, gentle turning of the patient's head from side to side. The eyes remain fixed in midposition, instead of the normal response of moving laterally toward the side opposite the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and exact location provide clues to the causative... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Raccoon eyes are bilateral periorbital ecchymoses that don't result from facial soft-tissue trauma. Usually an indicator of basilar skull fracture, this sign develops when damage at the time of a fracture tears the meninges and causes the venous sinuses to... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Setting-sun sign refers to the downward deviation of an infant's or a young child's eyes as a result of pressure on cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. With this late and ominous sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), both eyes are rotated downward, typically revealing an... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
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Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the
eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities
for eye pain.
M—Malformations most certainly suggest glaucoma and... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Most textbooks consider the causes of red eye to be conjunctivitis,
iritis, or glaucoma, but it may be the result of taking the night plane from
Los Angeles to New York. If these are all the causes you can remember, you
will be sadly mistaken in some... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
The number of people seeking LASIK and PRK, the two most common laser eye surgeries, has increased dramatically. In the year 2000, an estimated 1.5...
If you have poor vision you should know about laser eye surgery as a treatment option. There are two common techniques: LASIK and PRK. How do these...
People living with Parkinson's disease face many hurdles, but they don't do it alone. Listen to how one couple is coping with the ups and...
An estimated 60 million Americans are in need of vision correction. So it's no surprise that LASIK surgery-- a laser treatment touted as a...