Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate dietary preparation for glucose tolerance test
Impaired glucose tolerance
Gestational diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (B-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency)
Idiopathic
Immune-mediated
Type 2 diabetes (may range from predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to a predominantly secretory defect with insulin resistance)
Other specific types
Diseases of the exocrine pancreas
Cystic fibrosis
Fibrocalculous pancreatopathy
Hemochromatosis
Neoplasia
Pancreatitis, acute, chronic or recurrent (usually with exocrine insufficiency)
Trauma/pancreatectomy
Drug or toxin-induced
ACTH
α-Adrenergic agents
Asparaginase
Barium
Benzodiazepines
β-Adrenergic blockers
Cadmium
Calcium
Calcium channel blockers
Chlorpromazine
Clonidine
Danazol
Dapsone
Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane
Diazoxide
Estrogens, including oral contraceptives
Ethanol
Fluoride
Ganciclovir
Glucagon
Glucocorticoids
Growth hormone
Histaminergic blockers
Indomethacin
α-Interferon
Lithium
Mithramycin
Nicotinic acid
Octreotide
Opiates
Oxymetholone
Pentamidine (after initial hypoglycemia)
Phenothiazines
Phenytoin
Potassium
Prazosin
Protease inhibitors
Didanosine
Nelfinavir
Rifampin
Salicylates
Somatostatin
Sympathomimetic agents
Thiazides and (less-well substantiated) loop diuretics
Thyroid hormone
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Vacor
Zinc
Endocrinopathies
Increased counterregulatory hormones due to stress
Hepatic insufficiency
Infection
Myocardial infarction
Renal insufficiency
Stroke
Surgery
Trauma
Disorders of increased counterregulatory hormone
production
Acromegaly
Carcinoid syndrome
Cushing's syndrome
Glucagonoma
Hyperaldosteronism (hypokalemia)
Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperthyroidism
Pheochromocytoma
Somatostatinoma
VIPoma
Genetic defects in insulin action
Leprechaunism
Lipoatrophic diabetes
Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome
Type A insulin resistance
Genetic defects of B-cell function
Chromosome 7, glucokinase (formerly MODY2)
Chromosome 12, HNF-1α (formerly MODY3)
Chromosome 20, HNF-α (formerly MODY1)
Mitochondrial DNA
Infections
Congenital rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Uncommon forms of immune-mediated diabetes
Antiinsulin receptor antibodies
“Stiff-man” syndrome
Syndromes associated with increased risk of hyperglycemia
Acute intermittent porphyria
Alström's syndrome
Ataxia telangiectasia
Cockayne's syndrome
Down's syndrome
Friedreich's ataxia
Glycogen storage disease, type I
Hermann syndrome
Huntington's chorea
Isolated growth hormone deficiency
Klinefelter's syndrome
Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome
Leprechaunism
Lipodystrophic syndromes
Machado disease
Mutant insulins (e.g., insulin Chicago)
Myotonic dystrophy
Panhypopituitary dwarfism
Prader-Willi syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Werner's syndrome
Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome
Factors Causing Worsening of Previously Compensated Diabetes
Decreased exercise
Drugs and toxins (see previous Drug or Toxin-Induced)
Endocrinopathies (see previous Endocrinopathies)
Increased caloric intake
Infection
Myocardial infarction
Pregnancy
Stroke
Surgery
Trauma
Weight gain
References
1. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
. Diabetes Care 20(7):1183–1197, 1997.
2. Catanese VM, Kahn CR: Secondary Forms of Diabetes Mellitus, pp. 1220–1226. See Bibliography, 2.
3. Pandit MK, Burke JB, Gustafson AB, et al: Drug-Induced Disorders of Glucose Tolerance.
Ann Intern Med 118:529–539, 1993.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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