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Was the test used specific for glucose? Glucose oxidase tests (Clinistix, etc.) are specific for glucose, whereas other tests (Benedict's, etc.) are not. Thus, the latter will give false positives for lactose, fructose, galactose ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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What is the free T
4
? If this is elevated, think of hyperthyroidism.
What is the plasma cortisol? If this is elevated, think of Cushing's syndrome.
What is the plasma growth hormone? ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a history of drug ingestion? Diuretics and arsenic poisoning are among the many causes of excessive thirst.
Is there associated polyphagia and weight loss? The presence of these symptoms would suggest diabetes ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Normal fasting glucose is <110 mg/dL, impaired fasting glucose is 111–125 mg/dL, and diabetes mellitus is defined as a fasting glucose >126 mg/dL. Several values above normal are indicated before making a diagnosis of impaired fasting glucose or>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder of childhood, affecting about 2/1,000 school-age children in the U.S. The absolute or relative lack of insulin results in an abnormal metabolic state, including hyperglycemia. Children with diabetes are at risk for the acute... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Polydipsia is fluid drinking in excess of 2 L/m2/day. In normal older children, water intake must surpass 10 L/m2/day to cause hyponatremia. In contrast, neonates and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The finding of glycosuria should prompt one to consider first the conditions that are associated with faulty regulation of the blood sugar and sugar metabolism. First and foremost on that list is diabetes mellitus. However, the differential must include many other endocrine disorders;
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... To form a list of diagnostic possibilities in a case of hyperglycemia, one needs only to think of the endocrine glands. Considering the pancreas should prompt the recall of diabetes mellitus and glucogonomas. Considering the adrenal gland would prompt the recall of Cushing disease and
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... Excessive thirst is best analyzed by the application of physiology. Increased desire for water may be due to a decreased intake, as in prolonged abstinence, vomiting of pyloric stenosis and intestinal obstruction, and diarrhea of any
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... Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, a common symptom associated with endocrine disorders and certain drugs. It may reflect decreased fluid intake, increased urine output, or excessive loss of water and salt.
History and physical examination
Obtain a history.... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Inadequate dietary preparation for glucose tolerance test
Impaired glucose tolerance
Gestational diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (B-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency)
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... Nephrogenic
(see Polyuria)
Central
Gestational diabetes insipidus (vasopressinase production)
Iatrogenic
Surgery (hypophysectomy)
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... Pregnancy places special demands on carbohydrate metabolism and causes the insulin requirement to increase, even in a healthy female. Consequently, pregnancy may lead to a prediabetic state, to the conversion of an asymptomatic subclinical diabetic state to a clinical one ... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Signs and Symptoms Acetone breath, Kussmaul’s respirations, dehydration, weak and thready pulse, nausea, vomiting, altered level of consciousness, dry mucous membranes, serum glucose level of 300 to 1,500 mg/dl
Treatment (Tx)
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... Hereditary fructose intolerance is an inability to metabolize fructose. After fructose is eliminated from the diet, symptoms subside within weeks. Older children and adults with hereditary fructose intolerance have normal intelligence and apparently normal liver and... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of absolute or relative insulin deficiency or resistance characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. A leading cause of death by disease in the United States, this... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Diabetes insipidus (also called pituitary diabetes insipidus) is a disorder of water metabolism resulting from a deficiency of circulating vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone [ADH]). It’s characterized by excessive fluid intake and... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, a common symptom associated with endocrine disorders and certain drugs. It may reflect decreased fluid intake, increased urine output, or excessive loss of water and salt.
History and physical ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Soraya Nasraty
Polydipsia is a symptom that can be attributed to medical or psychogenic causes and has a prevalence of 3% to 39% among chronic psychiatric inpatients (1). It is a common symptom in patients with... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Michael Ostapchuk and Michael B. Foster
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (1). There are two... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Pregnancy places special demands on carbohydrate metabolism and causes the insulin requirement to increase, even in a healthy woman. Consequently, pregnancy may lead to a prediabetic state, to the conversion of an asymptomatic subclinical diabetic state to a clinical... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A chronic disease of absolute or relative insulin deficiency or resistance, diabetes mellitus is characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
This condition occurs in two forms: type 1, characterized by... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A disorder of water metabolism, diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of circulating vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone) or from renal resistance to this hormone. Pituitary diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of vasopressin, whereas nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, a common symptom associated with endocrine disorders and certain drugs. It may reflect decreased fluid intake, increased urine output, or excessive loss of water and salt.
... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Polyuria (excessive urine volume) is usuallyassociated with polydipsia (excessive thirst). Principal Causes of Polyuria and Polydipsia Diabetesmellitus Diabetes insipidus Antidiuretichormone deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, a common symptom associated with endocrine disorders and certain drugs. It may reflect decreased fluid intake, increased urine output, or excessive loss of water and salt.
History and physical examination
Obtain a... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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The finding of glycosuria should prompt one to consider first the
conditions that are associated with faulty regulation of the blood
sugar and sugar metabolism. First and foremost on that list is diabetes
mellitus. However, the differential must include many... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
To form a list of diagnostic possibilities in a case of hyperglycemia,
one needs only to think of the endocrine glands. Considering the pancreas
should prompt the recall of diabetes mellitus and glucagonomas. Considering
the adrenal gland... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Excessive thirst is best analyzed by the application of
physiology. Increased desire for water may be due to a
decreased intake, as in prolonged abstinence, vomiting of pyloric
stenosis and intestinal obstruction, and diarrhea of any cause. Poor... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... David R. Langdon, MD Diabetes Mellitus - BASICS Diabetes Mellitus - description Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of absolute or relative insulin deficiency that results in hyperglycemia and disrupts energy storage and metabolism. Severe... Diabetes Mellitus - DIAGNOSIS ... Diabetes Mellitus - TREATMENT ... Diabetes Mellitus - FOLLOW UP ... Diabetes Mellitus - bibliography ... Diabetes Mellitus - ADDITIONAL READING ... Diabetes Mellitus - CODES ... Diabetes Mellitus - PATIENT TEACHING-MED ... Diabetes Mellitus - FAQ
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Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that can increase a person's risk of developing heart disease. Learn more about this syndrome and...
Your risk of developing heart disease, stroke or diabetes is greatly increased if you suffer from a combination of health problems, known as...
Studies show nearly 3 out of every 4 women will experience a yeast infection at least once in their life. For women with diabetes, however, the risk...
What are the most important steps to take in keeping your diabetes under control? Hear a leading diabetes educator describe the seven key behaviors...