Prevalence and Incidence of Cold sores
Prevalance of Cold sores:
estimated 50 to 80% of Americans have HSV-1 ... see also overview of Cold sores.
Prevalance Rate:
approx 1 in 2 or 50.00% or 136 million people in USA [Source statistic for calcuation: "estimated 50 to 80% of Americans have HSV-1" -- see also general information about data sources]
Cold sores Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Incidence statistics for Cold sores:
The following statistics relate to the incidence of Cold sores:
- 6,787 new cases of first attack of herpes simplex in England and Wales 2001(PHLS, London, 2002)
- 12% increase in the number of cases of first attack of herpes simplex in England and Wales 1996-2001 (PHLS, London, 2002)
- more statistics...»
Prevalence/Incidence of Cold sores: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Cold sores.
Genital herpes:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Genital herpes is usually caused by infection with herpes simplex virus Type 2, but some studies report increasing incidence of infection with herpes simplex virus Type 1. This disease is typically transmitted through sexual intercourse, orogenital sexual activity, kissing, and hand-to-body contact. Pregnant women may transmit the infection to neonates during vaginal delivery if an active infection is present. Such transmitted infection may be localized (for instance, in the eyes) or disseminated and may be associated with central nervous system involvement.
An estimated 86 million people worldwide are thought to have genital herpes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Herpes simplex:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
About 85% of all HVH infections are subclinical; the others produce localized lesions and systemic reactions. After the first infection, a patient is a carrier susceptible to recurrent infections, which may be provoked by fever, menses, stress, heat, and cold. However, the patient usually has no constitutional signs and symptoms in recurrent infections.
Primary HVH is the leading cause of childhood gingivostomatitis in children ages 1 to 3. It causes the most common form of nonepidemic encephalitis and is the second most common viral infection in pregnant women. It can pass to the fetus transplacentally and, in early pregnancy, may cause spontaneous abortion or premature birth.
Herpes infection is equally common in males and females. Worldwide in distribution, it's most prevalent among children in lower socioeconomic groups who live in crowded environments. Saliva, stool, skin lesions, purulent eye exudate, and urine are potential sources of infection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Common cold:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
About 90% of colds stem from a viral infection of the upper respiratory passages and consequent mucous membrane inflammation; occasionally, colds result from a mycoplasmal infection. (See What happens in the common cold.)
Over a hundred viruses can cause the common cold. Major offenders include rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, myxoviruses, adenoviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echo-viruses.
Transmission occurs through airborne respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated objects, and hand-to-hand transmission. Children acquire new strains from their schoolmates and pass them on to family members. Fatigue or drafts don't increase susceptibility.
The common cold is more prevalent in children than in adults; in adolescent boys than in girls; and in women than in men. In temperate zones, it's more common in the colder months; in the tropics, during the rainy season.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Stomatitis and other oral infections:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Acute herpetic stomatitis results from the herpes simplex virus. It’s common in children ages 1 to 3. The cause of aphthous stomatitis is unknown, but predisposing factors include stress, fatigue, anxiety, febrile states, trauma, and solar overexposure. This type is common in girls and female adolescents.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Cold injuries:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Localized cold injuries occur when ice crystals form in the tissues and expand extracellular spaces. With compression of the tissue cell, the cell membrane ruptures, interrupting enzymatic and metabolic activities. Increased capillary permeability accompanies histamine release, resulting in aggregation of red blood cells and microvascular occlusion. Hypothermia effects chemical changes that slow the functions of most major organ systems, such as decreased renal blood flow and decreased glomerular filtration. Frostbite results from prolonged exposure to dry temperatures far below freezing; hypothermia, from near drowning in cold water and prolonged exposure to cold temperatures.
The risk of serious cold injuries, especially hypothermia, is increased by youth, old age, lack of insulating body fat, wet or inadequate clothing, drug abuse, cardiac disease, smoking, fatigue, hunger and depletion of caloric reserves, and excessive alcohol intake (which draws blood into capillaries and away from body organs).
ELDER TIP The following risk factors put elderly people at increased risk for cold injuries: cardiovascular disease, alcohol abuse, malnutrition, diabetes, skin diseases, scarring from major burns, inadequate fluid intake, working outdoors, wearing inappropriate clothing, and living in poor environmental conditions. The use of anticholinergics, phenothiazines, diuretics, antihistamines, antidepressants, or beta-adrenergic blockers also increases the risk.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Herpes Simplex Virus:
Herpes Simplex Virus - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Neonatal infection is usually acquired from the maternal genitourinary tract and causes serious disease with high mortality and morbidity.
- HSV-1 usually causes infections of the upper torso, head, and neck.
- HSV-2 usually causes genital infection. However, both forms can infect oral or genital cells, thus the virus type is not a reliable indicator of the anatomic site of infection.
- Route of spread is usually by close bodily contact or trauma such as teething or a break in the skin.
- Incubation period is 2–12 days (~6 days).
- Neonatal HSV infections are acquired from maternal strains, and 75–85% are caused by HSV-2.
- After the neonatal period, HSV-1 infections predominate, and 40–60% of children are seropositive for HSV-1 by the age of 5 years.
Herpes Simplex Virus - prevalence
During puberty and early adolescence, the prevalence of HSV-2 increases, and 20–35% of adults are seropositive for HSV-2.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Cold sores usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Cold sores at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Cold sores refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Cold sores diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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