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Is there fever? A significant fever would suggest either pyelonephritis, particularly in females, or acute prostatitis in males.
Is the urine grossly bloody or are there a significant number of red cells on microscopic ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... Most cases of urethral discharge in both males and females are due to gonorrhea or
Chlamydia trachomatis
. When the smear and culture are negative for gonorrhea, a course of tetracycline can be given as a therapeutic trial to diagnose
Chlamydia
infection. Alternatively, the urine
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...
Dysuria is a painful or burning sensation during or immediately after urination. This is a common symptom in primary care; nearly 20% of women aged 20–55 will have one episode of dysuria per year. Women have episodes of acute dysuria much more frequently than men. The... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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...
A perceived or observed decrease in the strength or flow of one's urine stream is a common complaint. This is often of concern to the patient because of the concern about both a serious medical problem and the slowing of urination and associated dribbling or... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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...
Dysuria is defined as pain with urination and is a very common complaint in female children. It is commonly due to either urinary tract infection or perineal irritation from a variety of causes.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Dysuria is difficult or painful micturition. One could cover most of the causes simply by considering the inflammatory lesions of the genitourinary tract in ascending order. Thus, there may be a urethritis or urethral carbuncle, a trigonitis or
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... A significant purulent urethral discharge invariably signals the diagnosis of gonorrhea and, until a Gram stain is done, little consideration is given to the other causes of a nonbloody urethral discharge. However, one should also consider other
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... Bladder distention — abnormal enlargement of the bladder — results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction, neuromuscular disorder, or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... This excretion from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
History and physical examination
Ask the patient when he first... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Hesitancy — difficulty starting a urine stream generally followed by a decrease in the force of the stream — can result from a urinary tract infection, a partial lower urinary tract obstruction, a neuromuscular disorder, or use of certain drugs.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... A sudden compelling urge to urinate, accompanied by bladder pain, is a classic symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI). As inflammation decreases bladder capacity, discomfort results from the accumulation of even small amounts of urine. Repeated, frequent voiding in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Kaposi's sarcoma
Lymphoma, especially NHL, primary CNS lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease
Cervical cancer
Squamous cell cancer of the skin
Anogenital neoplasia
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... Primarily a disease of older adults, cancer is second only to cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in the United States (more than 560,000 deaths annually). More than 67% of patients who die of cancer are older than age 65. The most common cancers in the United States... What causes cancer? ... Immune response ... Diagnostic methods ... Staging and grading ... Five major therapies ... Maintaining nutrition and fluid balance ... If the patient can't eat ... Total parenteral nutrition ... Pain control critical ... The hospice approach ... Psychological aspects ... Pictures
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... Bladder tumors can develop on the surface of the bladder wall (benign or malignant papillomas) or grow within the bladder wall (generally more virulent) and quickly invade underlying muscles. Ninety percent of bladder tumors are transitional cell... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Cystitis and urethritis, the two forms of lower urinary tract infection (UTI), are nearly 10 times more common in females than in males and affect approximately 10% to 20% of all females at least once. Lower UTI is also a prevalent bacterial... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Malignant spinal neoplasms may be any one of many tumor types similar to intracranial tumors; they involve the cord or its roots and, if untreated, can eventually cause paralysis. As primary tumors, they originate in the meningeal coverings, the parenchyma of the cord or... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Primary malignant brain tumors account for about 10% to 30% of adult cancers. These tumors may occur at any age. The most common tumor types in adults are gliomas and meningiomas, which usually occur supratentorially (above the covering of the cerebellum). In children, incidence is generally... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Primary malignant bone tumors (also called sarcomas of the bone and bone cancer) are rare, constituting less than 1% of all malignant tumors. Most bone tumors are secondary, caused by seeding from a primary site. Primary malignant bone... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Bladder distention—abnormal enlargement of the bladder—results from an inability to excrete urine, which then accumulates in the bladder. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction, a neuromuscular disorder, or the use of... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Dysuria—painful or difficult urination—is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI)—a common disorder, especially in women. (See Preventing urinary... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Urethral discharge from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
History and physical examination
Ask... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Urinary hesitancy—difficulty starting a urine stream generally followed by a decrease in the force of the stream—can result from a urinary tract infection (UTI), a partial lower urinary tract obstruction, a neuromuscular disorder, or use of certain drugs... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... A sudden compelling urge to urinate accompanied by bladder pain is a classic symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI). As inflammation decreases bladder capacity, discomfort results from the accumulation of even small amounts of urine. Frequent voiding in an... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... David M. Quillen
Approach Dysuria is defined as “painful urination.” Acute dysuria is a frequent problem seen in ambulatory practices, accounting for more than three million office visits a year. The most common diagnosis given... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... George P.N. Samraj
Discharge from the urethra is a common symptom. The characteristics and the cause of urethral discharge (UD) vary widely. Discharge can be profuse or scanty; clear, yellowish, or white; mucopurulent or serous; bloody, watery, or frank pus.... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Lower urinary tract infection
❑ Acute pyelonephritis
❑ Urethritis
❑ Vaginitis
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Cystitis and urethritis, the two forms of lower urinary tract infection (UTI), are nearly 10 times more common in women than in men and affect approximately 10% to 20% of all women at least once. Lower UTI is also a prevalent bacterial disease in children, with girls also... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Bladder tumors can develop on the surface of the bladder wall (benign or malignant papillomas) or grow within the bladder wall (generally more virulent) and quickly invade underlying muscles. Most bladder tumors (90%) are transitional cell... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A rare type of bone cancer, primary malignant bone tumors (sarcomas of the bone) constitute less than 1% of all malignant tumors. Most malignant bone tumors are secondary, caused by seeding from a primary site. Primary malignant bone tumors are more common in... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... With an incidence of 4.5 per 100,000 patients, malignant brain tumors (gliomas, meningiomas, and schwannomas) are common (slightly more so in men than in women).
Tumors may occur at any age. In adults, incidence is... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Bladder distention is an abnormal enlargement of the bladder due to the accumulation of urine arising from an inability to excrete urine. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction, neuromuscular disorder, or the use of certain drugs. Although... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Bladder distention — abnormal enlargement of the bladder — results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction, neuromuscular disorder, or the use of certain drugs. Relatively common... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Dysuria (painful or difficult urination) is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI) — a common disorder, especially in women.
Dysuria also results from... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Urethral discharge from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
History
Ask the patient when... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Urinary hesitancy — difficulty starting a urine stream generally followed by a decrease in the force of the stream — can result from a urinary tract infection (UTI), a partial lower urinary tract obstruction, a neuromuscular disorder, or use of certain drugs. Occurring... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A sudden compelling urge to urinate, accompanied by bladder pain, is a classic symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI). As inflammation decreases bladder capacity, discomfort results from the accumulation of even small amounts of urine. Repeated, frequent voiding in an effort to... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Dysuria (pain on urination) is usually producedby inflammation of urethra or bladder or both. Principal Causes of Dysuria Urinarytract infection Urethritis Cystitis Pyelonephritis Chemical ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Table 15.1. Criteria for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections ... References
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... Bladder distention—abnormal enlargement of the bladder—results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction, neuromuscular disorder, or the use of certain drugs. Relatively common in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Dysuria—painful or difficult urination—is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI)—a common disorder, especially in women.
Dysuria results... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Urethral discharge is an excretion from the urinary meatus that may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
History and ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Hesitancy—difficulty starting a urine stream generally followed by a decrease in the force of the stream—can result from a urinary tract infection (UTI), a partial lower urinary tract obstruction, a neuromuscular disorder, or use of certain drugs. Occurring at all... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... A sudden compelling urge to urinate (urinary urgency), accompanied by bladder pain, is a classic symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI). As inflammation decreases bladder capacity, discomfort results from the accumulation of even small amounts of urine. Repeated, frequent voiding in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Dysuria is difficult or painful micturition. One could cover most of
the causes simply by considering the inflammatory lesions of the
genitourinary tract in ascending order. Thus, there may be a urethritis or
urethral carbuncle, a trigonitis or... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
A significant purulent urethral discharge invariably signals the
diagnosis of gonorrhea and, until a Gram stain is done, little consideration
is given to the other causes of a nonbloody urethral discharge. However, one
should... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
Prostate cancer is a subject every man should know about -- it's one of the leading causes of cancer death among men. But many don't know...
People with cancer have a lot on their minds, which is why they may have trouble sleeping. But some cancer treatments can also upset sleep patterns....