Causes of Barakat syndrome

Contents

Barakat syndrome and Genetics: Book Excerpts

Barakat syndrome Causes: Book Excerpts

Barakat syndrome: Related Medical Conditions

To research the causes of Barakat syndrome, consider researching the causes of these these diseases that may be similar, or associated with Barakat syndrome:

Related information on causes of Barakat syndrome:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Barakat syndrome may be found in:

Causes of Barakat syndrome: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Barakat syndrome.

Hypoparathyroidism: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Hypoparathyroidism may be acute or chronic and is classified as idiopathic or acquired. The acquired form may also be reversible. Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism may result from an autoimmune genetic disorder or the congenital absence of the parathyroid glands. Acquired hypoparathyroidism commonly results from accidental removal of or injury to one or more parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy or other neck surgery; rarely it results from massive thyroid irradiation. It may also result from ischemic infarction of the parathyroids during surgery or from hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, tuberculosis, neoplasms, or trauma. An acquired, reversible hypoparathyroidism may result from hypomagnesemia-induced impairment of hormone synthesis, from suppression of normal gland function due to hypercalcemia, or from delayed maturation of parathyroid function. (See What happens in acute hypoparathyroidism.)

PTH isn’t regulated by the pituitary or hypothalamus. It normally maintains blood calcium levels by increasing bone resorption and GI absorption of calcium. It also maintains an inverse relationship between serum calcium and phosphate levels by inhibiting phosphate reabsorption in the renal tubules. Abnormal PTH production disrupts this balance. The incidence is 4 out of 100,000 people. Incidence of the idiopathic and reversible forms is highest in children; that of the irreversible acquired form, in older patients who have undergone surgery for hyperthyroidism or other head and neck conditions.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Hypoparathyroidism: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Hypoparathyroidism may be acute or chronic and is classified as idiopathic or acquired:

❑ Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism may result from an autoimmune genetic disorder or the congenital absence of the parathyroid glands.

❑ Acquired hypoparathyroidism commonly results from accidental removal of or injury to the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy or other neck surgery or, rarely, from massive neck irradiation. It may also result from ischemic infarction of the parathyroid glands during surgery or from hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, tuberculosis, neoplasms, or trauma.

❑ Acquired, reversible hypoparathyroidism may result from hypomagnesemia-induced impairment of hormone synthesis and release, from suppression of normal gland function due to hypercalcemia, or from delayed maturation of parathyroid function.

PTH isn’t regulated by the pituitary or hypothalamus. It normally maintains blood calcium levels by increasing bone resorption and GI absorption of calcium. It also maintains an inverse relationship between serum calcium and phosphate levels by inhibiting phosphate reabsorption in the renal tubules. Abnormal PTH production disrupts this balance. Incidence of the idiopathic and reversible forms is highest in children; incidence of the irreversible acquired form is highest in older patients who have undergone surgery for hyperthyroidism or other head and neck conditions.

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Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003

Hearing Loss and Deafness: Principal Causes of Hearing Loss and Deafness
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)

Conductivehearing loss
1. Externalauditory canal disorders
  1. Atresia of external auditory canal
  2. Impacted cerumen
  3. Otitis externa
  4. Exostosis
  5. Masses
2. Middle ear disorders
  1. Acuteand chronic otitis media
  2. Otitis media with effusion
  3. Tympanic membrane perforation
  4. Hemotympanum
  5. Tympanosclerosis
  6. Ossicular chain defect, disruption,or fixation
  7. Cholesteatoma and other middle earmasses
Sensorineural hearing loss
1. Sensorineuralhearing loss without associated abnormalities
2. Sensorineural hearing loss with associatedabnormalities
3. Chromosomal disorders
4. Inner ear malformations
  1. Labyrinthineaplasia
  2. Common cavity malformation
  3. Cochlear malformations
  4. Large vestibular aqueduct
5. Prematurity
6. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
7. Bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus)
8. Infection
9. Trauma
10. Drugs
11. Perilymph fistula
12. Neoplasm
13. Ménière disease
14. Unknown
Mixed hearing loss