Diagnosis of Autoimmune oophoritis
Autoimmune oophoritis Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Diagnostic Tests for Autoimmune oophoritis: Online Medical Books
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Ovarian cancer:
Diagnosis
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Diagnosis of ovarian cancer requires clinical evaluation, complete patient history, surgical exploration, and histologic studies. Preoperative evaluation includes a complete physical examination, including pelvic examination with Papanicolaou smear (positive in only a small number of women with ovarian cancer) and the following special tests:
❑abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography scan, or X-ray (may delineate tumor size)
❑ complete blood count, blood chemistries, and electrocardiogram
❑ excretory urography for information on renal function and possible urinary tract anomalies or obstruction
❑ chest X-ray for distant metastasis and pleural effusions
❑ barium enema (especially in patients with GI symptoms) to reveal obstruction and size of tumor
❑ lymphangiography to show lymph node involvement
❑ mammography to rule out primary breast cancer
❑ liver function studies or a liver scan in patients with ascites
❑ ascites fluid aspiration for identification of typical cells by cytology
❑ laboratory tumor marker studies, such as Ca-125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin.
Despite extensive testing, accurate diagnosis and staging are impossible without exploratory laparotomy, including lymph node evaluation and tumor resection. (See Staging ovarian cancer.)
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Ovarian cysts:
Diagnosis
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Generally, characteristic clinical features suggest ovarian cysts.
Confirming diagnosis Visualization of the ovary through ultrasound, computed tomography scan, laparoscopy, or surgery (often for another condition) confirms ovarian cysts.
Extremely elevated hCG titers strongly suggest theca-lutein cysts. Pregnancy, including molar pregnancy, must be ruled out.
In polycystic ovarian disease, physical examination demonstrates bilaterally enlarged polycystic ovaries. Tests reveal slight elevation of urinary 17-ketosteroids and anovulation (shown by basal body temperature graphs and endometrial biopsy). Direct visualization must rule out paraovarian cysts of the broad ligament, salpingitis, endometriosis, and neoplastic cysts.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Ovarian cancer:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
With ovarian cancer, diagnosis requires clinical evaluation, a complete patient history, surgical exploration, and histologic studies. Preoperative evaluation includes a complete physical examination, including pelvic examination with Papanicolaou smear (not clinically useful for ovarian cancer but helpful in diagnosing cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer, and some endometrial cancers) and the following special tests:
❑ abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (may delineate tumor size)
❑ complete blood count and blood chemistries
❑ chest X-ray for distant metastasis and pleural effusions
❑ barium enema (especially in patients with GI symptoms) to reveal obstruction and size of tumor
❑ mammography to rule out primary breast cancer
❑ liver function studies or a liver scan in patients with ascites
❑ laboratory tumor marker studies, such as CA-125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin (the last two are mainly for suspected germ cell tumors).
Despite extensive testing, accurate diagnosis and staging are impossible without exploratory laparotomy, including lymph node evaluation and tumor resection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Ovarian cysts:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
Generally, characteristic features suggest ovarian cysts. Visualization of the ovaries through ultrasound, laparoscopy, computed tomography scan, or surgery (commonly for another condition) confirms their presence. However, histologic examination is the only definitive method for an exact diagnosis.
Extremely elevated HCG titers strongly suggest theca-lutein cysts.
With polycystic ovarian disease, physical examination demonstrates bilaterally enlarged polycystic ovaries. Tests reveal slightly elevated urinary 17-ketosteroid levels and anovulation (shown by basal body temperature graphs and endometrial biopsy). Direct visualization must rule out paraovarian cysts of the broad ligament, salpingitis, endometriosis, and neoplastic cysts.
UNDER STUDY: CA-125 is an ovarian cancer marker that can help identify cancerous cysts in women. Hormone levels (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, testosterone) may be used to check for associated hormonal conditions.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
The cause and nature of CFIDS are still unknown, and no single test unequivocally confirms its presence. Therefore, the diagnosis is based on the patient’s history and the CDC criteria. Because the CDC criteria are admittedly a working concept that may not include all forms of this disease and are based on symptoms that can result from other diseases, diagnosis is difficult and uncertain. Considerable overlap exists between CFIDS and fibromyalgia syndrome, with many patients having features of both.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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