Here are chapters about Anxiety Disorders from the online medical books listed above:
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Is the anxiety intermittent or constant? Intermittent anxiety suggests the possibility of psychomotor epilepsy, a pheochromocytoma, or insulinoma. It is also possible that the patient is suffering from an intermittent cardiac arrhythmia ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there associated headache, papilledema, dementia, or focal neurologic signs? These findings would suggest a space-occupying lesion. This is something the clinician does not want to miss.
Are there endocrine changes? ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Anxiety includes symptoms of physiologic arousal (e.g., autonomic hyperactivity, increased motor tension) and psychological arousal (e.g., excessive worry, increased vigilance). It may present as a primary psychiatric condition or secondary to a broad... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... It is simple enough to administer a sedative and refer the emotionally distressed patient to a psychiatrist, but the astute diagnostician will want to rule out an organic disease first. Almost every endocrine disease is associated with emotional disturbances, all of which
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... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause; brain injury; or a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Anxiety is the most common psychiatric symptom and can result in significant impairment. A subjective reaction to a real or imagined threat, anxiety is a nonspecific feeling of uneasiness or dread. It may be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild anxiety may cause slight... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Depression is a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. These feelings may be accompanied by somatic complaints, such as changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, restlessness or lethargy, and decreased concentration.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Clammy skin — moist, cool, and usually pale — is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands, particularly on the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Depression of the anterior fontanel below the surrounding bony ridges of the skull is a sign of dehydration. A common disorder of infancy and early childhood, dehydration can result from insufficient fluid intake, but typically reflects excessive fluid loss from severe vomiting or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension that some describe as an exaggerated feeling of impending doom, dread, or uneasiness. Unlike fear — a reaction to danger from a specific external source — anxiety is a reaction to an internal threat, such as an... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Also known as unipolar disorder, major depression is a syndrome of persistently sad, dysphoric mood, accompanied by disturbances in sleep and appetite, lethargy, and an inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia). ... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause; brain injury; and psychiatric and various other disorders. It... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Anxiety is the most common psychiatric symptom and can result in significant impairment. A subjective reaction to a real or imagined threat, anxiety is a nonspecific feeling of uneasiness or dread. It may be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild anxiety... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Depression is a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. These feelings may be accompanied by somatic complaints, such as changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, restlessness or lethargy, and decreased concentration.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Clammy skin—moist, cool, and usually pale—is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands, particularly... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Depression of the anterior fontanel below the surrounding bony ridges of the skull is a sign of dehydration. A common disorder of infancy and early childhood, dehydration can result from insufficient fluid intake, but it typically reflects excessive... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Thomas L. Campbell
Anxiety disorders, which are among the most common problems seen in primary care, occur in approximately 10% of patients. Anxiety disorders are associated with significant impairments in physical and emotional health,... Approach. ... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment. ... Pictures
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... Jeffrey M. Lyness
Depression is a major public health problem because of its high prevalence and attendant morbidity and mortality. Although commonly seen in primary care settings, too often it goes unrecognized or untreated or undertreated.
Approach ... History and mental status examination (MSE) ... Physical examination. ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Situational/characterologic
❑ Post-traumatic stress disorder
❑ Drugs/withdrawal
❑ ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Dysthymia
❑ Major depression
❑ Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
❑ Seasonal affective... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension that some describe as an exaggerated sensation of impending doom, dread, or uneasiness. Unlike fear — a reaction to danger from a specific external source — anxiety is a reaction to an internal threat, such as an... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Also known as unipolar disorder, major depression is a syndrome of persistently sad, dysphoric mood accompanied by disturbances in sleep and appetite, lethargy, and an inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia). Major depression occurs in 3% to 5% of adults, affecting all racial,... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Clammy skin — moist, cool, and commonly pale — is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause; brain injury; or a psychiatric disorder. It... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A subjective reaction to a real or imagined threat, anxiety is a nonspecific feeling of uneasiness or dread. It may be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild anxiety may cause slight physical or psychological discomfort. Severe anxiety may be incapacitating or... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Clammy skin — moist, cool, and usually pale — is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands, particularly on the... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. It can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause; brain injury; or a psychiatric disorder. Agitation can also result... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Anxiety is the most common psychiatric symptom and can result in significant lifestyle impairment. A subjective reaction to a real or imagined threat, anxiety is a nonspecific feeling of uneasiness or dread. It may be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild anxiety may cause slight physical or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Clammy skin—moist, cool, and usually pale—is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Depression of the anterior fontanel below the surrounding bony ridges of the skull is a sign of dehydration. A common disorder of infancy and early childhood, dehydration can result from insufficient fluid intake, but typically reflects excessive fluid loss from severe vomiting or diarrhea.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
