Causes of Abruptio Placentae
List of causes of Abruptio Placentae
Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions
(see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Abruptio Placentae)
that could possibly cause Abruptio Placentae includes:
More causes:
see full list of causes for Abruptio placentae
Abruptio Placentae Causes: Book Excerpts
Abruptio Placentae as a complication of other conditions:
Other conditions that might have
Abruptio Placentae as a complication may,
potentially, be an underlying cause of Abruptio Placentae.
Our database lists the following as having
Abruptio Placentae as a complication of that condition:
Abruptio Placentae as a symptom:
Conditions listing Abruptio Placentae
as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Abruptio Placentae.
Our database lists the following as having
Abruptio Placentae as a symptom of that condition:
Related information on causes of Abruptio Placentae:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Abruptio Placentae may be found in:
Causes of Abruptio Placentae: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Abruptio Placentae.
Umbilicus – Delayed Separation:
Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Vigorous use of antiseptics to clean the umbilical cord
–Probably the most common etiology
–Inhibits normal colonization of the
umbilicus, which otherwise would allow chemotactic infiltration of neutrophils to mediate cord separation
- Immunodeficiencies
–Leukocyte adhesion defects affecting chemotaxis (LAD I/II)
–LAD is usually associated with significant systemic (sepsis) or local (omphalitis) infection, recurrent infections, or failure to thrive
–Sialyl Lewis X antigen deficiency
–Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia
–Defective immune (gamma) interferon
-
Prematurity
–Gestational age less than 37 weeks
-
Birth via cesarean section
–Associated with delayed separation, possibly due to decreased bacterial colonization from delivery through a sterile surgical field, resulting in decreased infiltration of neutrophils, which is essential for cord separation
-
Neonatal sepsis
-
Urachal anomalies
–More likely to be seen in otherwise healthy infants without signs of local or systemic infection
-
Histiocytosis X
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Abruptio placentae:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The cause of abruptio placentae is often unknown. Predisposing factors include trauma, such as a direct blow to the uterus, placental site bleeding from a needle puncture during amniocentesis, chronic or pregnancy-induced hypertension (which raises pressure on the placenta’s maternal side), multiparity, smoking, and cocaine abuse.
In abruptio placentae, blood vessels at the placental bed rupture spontaneously owing to a lack of resiliency or to abnormal changes in uterine vasculature. Hypertension complicates the situation, as does an enlarged uterus, which can’t contract sufficiently to seal off the torn vessels. Consequently, bleeding continues unchecked, possibly shearing off the placenta partially or completely. Typically, such bleeding is external or marginal (in about 80% of patients) if a peripheral portion of the placenta separates from the uterine wall; it is internal or concealed (in about 20%) if the central portion of the placenta becomes detached and the still-intact peripheral portions trap the blood. As blood enters the muscle fibers, complete relaxation of the uterus becomes impossible, increasing uterine tone and irritability. If bleeding into the muscle fibers is profuse, the uterus turns blue or purple, and the accumulated blood prevents its normal contractions after delivery (Couvelaire uterus, or uteroplacental apoplexy).
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Premature rupture of membranes:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Although the cause of PROM is unknown, malpresentation and contracted pelvis commonly accompany the rupture. Predisposing factors may include:
❑ poor nutrition and hygiene, and lack of proper prenatal care
❑ incompetent cervix (perhaps as a result of abortions)
❑ increased intrauterine tension due to hydramnios or multiple pregnancies
❑ defects in the amniochorial membranes’ tensile strength
❑ uterine infection.
PROM occurs in nearly 10% of all pregnancies over 20 weeks’ gestation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Premature labor:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The possible causes of premature labor are many; they may include premature rupture of the membranes (occurs in 30% to 50% of premature labors), preeclampsia, chronic hypertensive vascular disease, hydramnios, multiple pregnancy, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, incompetent cervix, abdominal surgery, trauma, structural anomalies of the uterus, infections (such as rubella or toxoplasmosis), congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and fetal death.
Other important provocative factors include:
❑ Fetal stimulation: Genetically imprinted information tells the fetus that nutrition is inadequate and that a change in environment is required for well-being; this provokes onset of labor.
❑ Oxytocin sensitivity: Labor begins because the myometrium becomes hypersensitive to oxytocin, the hormone that normally induces uterine contractions.
❑ Myometrial oxygen deficiency: The fetus becomes increasingly proficient in obtaining oxygen, depriving the myometrium of the oxygen and energy it needs to function normally, thus making the myometrium irritable.
❑ Maternal genetics: A genetic defect in the mother shortens gestation and precipitates premature labor.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Abruptio placentae:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
In many cases, the cause of abruptio placentae is unknown. Predisposing factors include cocaine use, trauma (such as a direct blow to the uterus resulting from abuse or accidental trauma), placental site bleeding from a needle puncture during amniocentesis, chronic or pregnancy-induced hypertension (which raises pressure on the maternal side of the placenta), multiparity of more than five, short umbilical cord, dietary deficiency, smoking, advanced maternal age, and pressure on the venae cavae from an enlarged uterus.
With abruptio placentae, blood vessels at the placental bed rupture spontaneously, owing to a lack of resiliency or to abnormal changes in uterine vasculature. Hypertension complicates the situation, as does an enlarged uterus, which can’t contract sufficiently to seal off the torn vessels. Consequently, bleeding continues unchecked, possibly shearing off the placenta partially or completely. If a peripheral portion of the placenta separates from the uterine wall, such bleeding is typically external or marginal (in about 80% of patients); if the central portion of the placenta becomes detached and the still-intact peripheral portions trap the blood, the bleeding is typically internal or concealed (in about 20% of patients). As blood enters the muscle fibers, the uterus is unable to completely relax, increasing uterine tone and irritability. If bleeding into the muscle fibers is profuse, the uterus turns blue or purple and the accumulated blood prevents its normal contractions after delivery (Couvelaire uterus, or uteroplacental apoplexy).
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Premature rupture of the membranes:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Although the cause of PROM is unknown, malpresentation and contracted pelvis commonly accompany the rupture. Predisposing factors may include:
❑ poor nutrition and hygiene and lack of proper prenatal care
❑ incompetent cervix (perhaps as a result of abortions)
❑ increased intrauterine tension due to hydramnios or multiple pregnancies
❑ defects in the amniochorial membranes’ tensile strength
❑ uterine infection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Premature Thelarche:
Premature Thelarche - pathophysiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Transient increases in follicle-stimulating hormone levels causing follicular ovarian development
- Low levels of estrogen secretion by normal follicular cysts
- Increased sensitivity of breast tissue to low levels of estrogen
Premature Thelarche - etiology
Intermittent estrogen secretion by ovarian cysts or environmental sources of estrogen
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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