Treatments for Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Is the Diagnosis Correct?
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Differential diagnosis list for Abdominal aortic aneurysm may include:
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Curable Types of Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Possibly curable types of Abdominal aortic aneurysm may include:
- Cystic medial necrosis associated with abdominal aneurysm
- Coronary artery disease asoociated with abdominal artery disease
- Structural collagen disorders associated with aortic aneurysms
- Syphilitic aneurysm
- more curable types...»
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Latest treatments for Abdominal aortic aneurysm:
The following are some of the latest treatments for Abdominal aortic aneurysm:
- Open surgical fixing
- Endovascular aneurysm repair
- Beta blockade
Hospitals & Medical Clinics: Abdominal aortic aneurysm
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Abdominal Bruit:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Initial treatment is to stabilize and resuscitate the patient as needed
–Attention to airway, breathing, and circulation
–Immediate repair of ruptured abdominal aneurysm
Treat the underlying etiology
Vascular surgical consultation may be necessary for severely stenotic and/or symptomatic vessels
Nephrology consult may be needed for renal insufficiency or to help with appropriate medication choices
Treat hypertension if present
–Always avoid ACE inhibitors in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Carotid Bruits:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Patients with symptomatic stenosis (i.e., presence of TIA symptoms in the appropriate distribution) and >70% carotid stenosis confirmed on duplex ultrasound should strongly consider carotid endarterectomy
-
Symptomatic patients with 50–69% stenosis have greater benefit from surgery than from medical approach
-
Asymptomatic patients and those that cannot tolerate surgery should begin aspirin (60–325 mg/day) and/or antiplatelet therapy (e.g., ticlopidine, clopidogrel)
-
Smoking and alcohol cessation
-
Treat hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia
-
Carotid angioplasty is currently under study
-
Patients with underlying disease processes require appropriate treatment
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Abdominal Masses:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Immediate attention to life-threatening causes (e.g., ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm)
-
Most cases of abdominal masses are treatable once the etiology is identified
-
Many malignant and benign masses (e.g., fibroids, hernia) require surgical intervention
-
Infectious causes require antibiotics and may require operative intervention (e.g., abscess drainage)
-
Constipation is typically treated with laxatives, enemas, and increased dietary fiber and fluids; manual disimpaction is reserved for fecal impaction; discontinue offending medications (e.g., narcotics)
-
Hirschsprung's disease may require operative treatment
-
Ogilvie's syndrome responds to decompression by rectal tube or IV neostigmine
-
Organomegaly typically resolves once the underlying process is treated (e.g., mononucleosis resulting in splenomegaly)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Abdominal Guarding:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Immediate attention to hemodynamic status and life-threatening disease
–Replace volume with normal saline and possibly a blood transfusion
–Evidence of hemorrhage (e.g., ruptured AAA, ruptured ectopic pregnancy) or early sepsis (e.g., perforated diverticulitis, perforated bowel) may be a life-threatening emergency that requires urgent surgical intervention
-
Place NG tube for obstruction or persistent vomiting
-
Administer broad-spectrum empiric antibiodics if a perforated viscus or intra-abdominal infection is suspected
-
Direct treatment toward the specific condition
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Abdominal Masses:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Depends on specific etiology
-
Respiratory and hemodynamic stability of the patient must be secured before any evaluation or treatment
-
Prompt involvement of a pediatric surgeon, neurosurgeon, oncologist, urologist/urologic surgeon, gynecologist, or gastroenterologist will help streamline the approach
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Abdominal mass:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If the patient has a pulsating midabdominal mass and severe abdominal or back pain, suspect an aortic aneurysm. Quickly take his vital signs. Because the patient may require emergency surgery, withhold food or fluids until he’s examined. Prepare to administer oxygen and to start an I.V. infusion for fluid and blood replacement. Obtain routine preoperative tests, and prepare the patient for angiography. Frequently monitor blood pressure, pulse, respirations, and urine output.
Be alert for signs of shock, such as tachycardia, hypotension, and cool, clammy skin, which may indicate significant blood loss.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Abdominal rigidity [Abdominal muscle spasm, involuntary guarding]:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
After palpating abdominal rigidity, quickly take the patient’s vital signs. Even though the patient may not appear gravely ill or have markedly abnormal vital signs, abdominal rigidity calls for emergency interventions.
Prepare to administer oxygen and to insert an I.V. line for fluid and blood replacement. The patient may require drugs to support blood pressure. Also prepare him for catheterization, and monitor intake and output.
A nasogastric tube may have to be inserted to relieve abdominal distention. Because emergency surgery may be necessary, the patient should be prepared for laboratory tests and X-rays.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Surgery, fluid replacement, pneumatic antishock garment
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Abdominal aneurysm:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Usually, abdominal aneurysm requires resection of the aneurysm and replacement of the damaged aortic section with a Dacron graft. (See Abdominal aneurysms: Before and after surgery. Also see Endovascular grafting for repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, page 1140.) If the aneurysm is small and asymptomatic, surgery may be delayed and the aneurysm may be followed and allowed to expand to a certain size because of possible surgical complications; however, small aneurysms may also rupture. Because of this risk, surgical repair or replacement is recommended for symptomatic patients or for patients with aneurysms greater than 5 cm in diameter.
Stenting is also a treatment option. It can be performed without an abdominal incision by introducing the catheters through arteries in the groin. However, not all patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are candidates for this treatment.
Regular physical examination and ultrasound checks are necessary to detect enlargement, which may forewarn rupture. Large aneurysms or those that produce symptoms pose a significant risk of rupture and necessitate immediate repair. In patients with poor distal runoff, external grafting may be done.
Risk factor modification is fundamental in the medical management of abdominal aneurysm, including control of hypocholesterolemia and hypertension. Beta-adrenergic blockers are commonly prescribed to reduce the risk of aneurysm expansion and rupture.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Femoral and popliteal aneurysms:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Femoral and popliteal aneurysms require surgical bypass and reconstruction of the artery, usually with an autogenous saphenous vein graft replacement. Arterial occlusion that causes severe ischemia and gangrene may require leg amputation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Abdominal trauma:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
I.V. fluid replacement, surgical repair, analgesics, antibiotics
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Ventricular aneurysm:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants, sodium nitroprusside, embolectomy, cardioversion, oxygen, cardiac glycosides, furosemide, supportive care (morphine, intubation, mechanical ventilation)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Thoracic aortic aneurysm:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Antihypertensives, negative inotropic agents, airway maintenance, opioids for pain, I.V. fluids, blood transfusions, surgery
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Abdominal mass:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient has a pulsating midabdominal mass and severe abdominal or back pain, suspect an aortic aneurysm. Quickly take his vital signs. Because the patient may require emergency surgery, withhold food or fluids until the patient is examined. Prepare to administer oxygen and to start an I.V. infusion for fluid and blood replacement. Obtain routine preoperative tests, and prepare the patient for angiography. Frequently monitor blood pressure, pulse rate, respirations, and urine output.
Be alert for signs of shock, such as tachycardia, hypotension, and cool, clammy skin, which may indicate significant blood loss.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Bruits:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Instruct the patient to inform the physician if he develops dizziness, pain, or any symptom that suggests a stroke because this may indicate a worsening of his condition.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Abdominal rigidity [Abdominal muscle spasm, involuntary guarding]:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
After palpating abdominal rigidity, quickly take the patient’s vital signs. Even though the patient may not appear gravely ill or have markedly abnormal vital signs, abdominal rigidity calls for emergency interventions.
Prepare to administer oxygen and to insert an I.V. line for fluid and blood replacement. The patient may require drugs to support blood pressure. Also prepare him for catheterization, and monitor intake and output.
A nasogastric tube may have to be inserted to relieve abdominal distention. Because emergency surgery may be necessary, prepare the patient for laboratory tests and X-rays.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Aneurysm, abdominal:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Usually, an abdominal aneurysm requires resection of the aneurysm and replacement of the damaged aortic section with a Dacron graft. If the aneurysm is small and produces no symptoms, surgery may be delayed; however, small aneurysms may rupture. A beta-adrenergic blocker may be administered to decrease the rate of growth of the aneurysm. Regular physical examinations and ultrasound checks are necessary to detect enlargement, which may prestage a rupture. In asymptomatic patients, surgery is advised when the aneurysm is 5 to 6 cm (2 " to 2¼") in diameter. In symptomatic patients, repair is indicated regardless of size. In patients with poor distal runoff, external grafting may be done. (See Endovascular grafting for repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Aneurysms, femoral and popliteal:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Femoral and popliteal aneurysms require surgical bypass and reconstruction of the artery, usually with an autogenous saphenous vein graft replacement. Arterial occlusion that causes severe ischemia and gangrene may require leg amputation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
aneurysm,ventricular:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Depending on the size of the aneurysm and the complications, treatment may require only routine medical examination to follow the patient’s condition or aggressive measures for intractable ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, and emboli.
Emergency treatment of ventricular arrhythmias involves an I.V. antiarrhythmic or cardioversion. Preventive treatment continues with an oral antiarrhythmic, such as procainamide, quinidine, or amiodarone.
Emergency treatment for heart failure with pulmonary edema includes oxygen, an I.V. cardiac glycoside, I.V. furosemide, I.V. morphine sulfate and, when necessary, I.V. nitroprusside and intubation. Maintenance therapy may include an oral nitrate and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, such as captopril or enalapril.
Systemic embolization requires anticoagulation therapy or embolectomy.
Refractory ventricular tachycardia, heart failure, recurrent arterial embolization, and persistent angina with coronary artery occlusion may require surgery; the most effective procedure is aneurysmectomy with myocardial revascularization.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Aneurysm, thoracic aortic:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
A dissecting aneurysm is an emergency that requires prompt surgery and stabilizing measures: an antihypertensive such as nitroprusside; a negative inotropic agent that decreases contractility force, such as propranolol; oxygen for respiratory distress; a narcotic for pain; I.V. fluids; and, possibly, whole blood transfusions.
Surgery consists of resecting the aneurysm, restoring normal blood flow through a Dacron or Teflon graft replacement and, with aortic valve insufficiency, replacing the aortic valve.
Postoperative measures include careful monitoring and continuous assessment in the intensive care unit, an antibiotic, endotracheal (ET) intubation, chest tube insertion, ECG monitoring, and pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Abdominal mass:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If the patient has a pulsating midabdominal mass and severe abdominal or back pain, suspect an aortic aneurysm. Quickly take his vital signs. Because the patient may require emergency surgery, withhold food and fluids until the patient is examined. Prepare to administer oxygen and to start an I.V. infusion for fluid and blood replacement. Obtain routine preoperative tests, and prepare the patient for angiography. Frequently monitor blood pressure, pulse, respirations, and urine output. Be alert for signs of shock, such as tachycardia, hypotension, and cool, clammy skin, which may indicate significant blood loss.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Bruits:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Instruct the patient to inform the physician if he develops dizziness, pain, or any symptom that suggests a stroke because this may indicate a worsening of his condition. For the patient with atherosclerosis or peripheral vascular disease, discuss lifestyle modifications, such as stopping smoking, exercising regularly (after consulting with the physician), and eating a healthy diet.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Abdominal mass:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Offer emotional support to the patient and his family as they await the results of diagnostic testing.
▪ Position the patient comfortably, and administer drugs for pain or anxiety as needed.
▪ If an abdominal mass causes bowel obstruction, watch for indications of peritonitis—abdominal pain and rebound tenderness—and for signs of shock, such as tachycardia and hypotension.
▪ Prepare the patient for surgery, if indicated.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain any diagnostic tests that are needed.
▪ Teach the patient about the cause of the abdominal mass, once a diagnosis is made. Also explain treatment and potential outcomes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Bruits:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Frequently check the patient's vital signs, auscultate over the affected arteries, and monitor peripheral pulses.
▪ Check for bruits that become louder or develop a diastolic component.
▪ Administer prescribed drugs, such as a vasodilator, an anticoagulant, an antiplatelet drug, or an antihypertensive, as needed.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as blood studies, X-rays, an electrocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, and ultrasonography.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient signs and symptoms of a stroke and to seek immediate medical attention if they occur.
▪ Discuss lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet.
▪ Teach the patient about the cause of the specific bruit and the treatment plan after a diagnosis is established.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Abdominal rigidity [Abdominal muscle spasm, involuntary guarding]:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Monitor the patient closely for signs of shock.
▪ Place the patient in a position of comfort.
▪ Administer analgesics, as ordered, and evaluate their effect.
▪ Withhold food and fluids.
▪ Administer an I.V. antibiotic as ordered if emergency surgery is required.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests which may include blood, urine, and stool studies; chest and abdominal X-rays, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, gastroscopy, and colonoscopy.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain diagnostic tests or surgery the patient will need.
▪ Tell the patient about any food or fluid restrictions.
▪ Show him how to position himself for comfort.
▪ Explain the underlying disorder and treatment plan.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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